Three-dimensional gradient-index optics via injketaided additive manufacturing techniques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawyer D. Campbell ◽  
Donovan E. Brocker ◽  
Douglas H. Werner ◽  
Charles Dupuy ◽  
Sang-Ki Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Gradient Index Optics

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3149
Author(s):  
Angelika Zaszczyńska ◽  
Maryla Moczulska-Heljak ◽  
Arkadiusz Gradys ◽  
Paweł Sajkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Printing Techniques ◽  
State Of Art

Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.

Additive Manufacturing: The Next Generation of Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew N. Rush ◽  
Christina Salas ◽  
Lorraine Mottishaw ◽  
Damian Fountain ◽  
Deana Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract Background Ligament reconstruction, as a surgical method used to stabilize joints, requires significant strength and tissue anchoring to restore function. Historically, reconstructive materials have been fraught with problems from an inability to withstand normal physiological loads to difficulties in fabricating the complex organization structure of native tissue at the ligament-to-bone interface. In combination, these factors have prevented the successful realization of nonautograft reconstruction. Methods A review of recent improvements in additive manufacturing techniques and biomaterials highlight possible options for ligament replacement. Description of Technique In combination, three dimensional-printing and electrospinning have begun to provide for nonautograft options that can meet the physiological load and architectures of native tissues; however, a combination of manufacturing methods is needed to allow for bone-ligament enthesis. Hybrid biofabrication of bone-ligament tissue scaffolds, through the simultaneous deposition of disparate materials, offer significant advantages over fused manufacturing methods which lack efficient integration between bone and ligament materials. Results In this review, we discuss the important chemical and biological properties of ligament enthesis and describe recent advancements in additive manufacturing to meet mechanical and biological requirements for a successful bone–ligament–bone interface. Conclusions With continued advancement of additive manufacturing technologies and improved biomaterial properties, tissue engineered bone-ligament scaffolds may soon enter the clinical realm.

Micromachined Ultrasonic Print-Head for Deposition of High-Viscosity Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Meacham ◽  
Amanda O’Rourke ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Andrei G. Fedorov ◽  
F. Levent Degertekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Cavity Resonances ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The recent application of inkjet printing to fabrication of three-dimensional, multilayer and multimaterial parts has tested the limits of conventional printing-based additive manufacturing techniques. The novel method presented here, termed as additive manufacturing via microarray deposition (AMMD), expands the allowable range of physical properties of printed fluids to include important, high-viscosity production materials (e.g., polyurethane resins). AMMD relies on a piezoelectrically driven ultrasonic print-head that generates continuous streams of droplets from 45 μm orifices while operating in the 0.5–3.0 MHz frequency range. The device is composed of a bulk ceramic piezoelectric transducer for ultrasound generation, a reservoir for the material to be printed, and a silicon micromachined array of liquid horn structures, which make up the ejection nozzles. Unique to this new printing technique are the high frequency of operation, use of fluid cavity resonances to assist ejection, and acoustic wave focusing to generate the pressure gradient required to form and eject droplets. We present the initial characterization of a micromachined print-head for deposition of fluids that cannot be used with conventional printing-based rapid prototyping techniques. Glycerol-water mixtures with a range of properties (surface tensions of ∼58–73 mN/m and viscosities of 0.7–380 mN s/m2) were used as representative printing fluids for most investigations. Sustained ejection was observed in all cases. In addition, successful ejection of a urethane-based photopolymer resin (surface tension of ∼25–30 mN/m and viscosity of 900–3000 mN s/m2) was achieved in short duration bursts. Peaks in the ejection quality were found to correspond to predicted device resonances. Based on these results, we have demonstrated the printing of fluids that fall well outside of the accepted range for the previously introduced printing indicator. The micromachined ultrasonic print-head achieves sustained printing of fluids up to 380 mN s/m2, far above the typical printable range.

Three-Dimensional Object Realization via Direct Volumetric Activation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Birnbaum ◽  
Athanasios P. Iliopoulos ◽  
John C. Steuben ◽  
John G. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaling Behavior ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Geometric Deviation ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Current Systems

Despite increasing levels of acceptance, traditional additive manufacturing techniques continue to suffer from a number of fundamental drawbacks that act to limit broad adoption. These drawbacks include limits on processable materials, part properties/performance, geometric deviation and repeatability. The vast majority of existing processes also rely on a point-by-point approach to generate parts, resulting in exceedingly long build times and extremely poor scaling behavior. Furthermore, in general, current systems require significant levels of complexity for operation, resulting in the need for considerable upfront capital investment as well as continuing maintenance costs. A new manufacturing approach is presented here, based upon the generation of objects from the direct creation of constituent volumetric sub-regions. This process addresses many of the limitations described above, and has the potential to significantly alter the manner with which three-dimensional objects are realized.

Digitally optimized gradient-index optics by additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyazi Ulas Dinc ◽  
Giulia Panusa ◽  
Christophe Moser ◽  
Demetri Psaltis
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Gradient Index Optics

A review of biomaterials scaffold fabrication in additive manufacturing for tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Mei Shick ◽  
Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir ◽  
Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman ◽  
Azanizawati Ma’aram
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The current developments in three-dimensional printing also referred as “additive manufacturing” have transformed the scenarios for modern manufacturing and engineering design processes which show greatest advantages for the fabrication of complex structures such as scaffold for tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce additive manufacturing techniques in tissue engineering, types of biomaterials used in scaffold fabrication, as well as in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Biomaterials and fabrication methods could critically affect the outcomes of scaffold mechanical properties, design architectures, and cell proliferations. In addition, an ideal scaffold aids the efficiency of cell proliferation and allows the movements of cell nutrient inside the human body with their specific material properties. This article provides comprehensive review that covers broad range of all the biomaterial types using various additive manufacturing technologies. The data were extracted from 2008 to 2018 mostly from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using keywords such as “Additive Manufacturing,” “3D Printing,” “Tissue Engineering,” “Biomaterial” and “Scaffold.” A 10 years research in this area was found to be mostly focused toward obtaining an ideal scaffold by investigating the fabrication strategies, biomaterials compatibility, scaffold design effectiveness through computer-aided design modeling, and optimum printing machine parameters identification. As a conclusion, this ideal scaffold fabrication can be obtained with the combination of different materials that could enhance the material properties which performed well in optimum additive manufacturing condition. Yet, there are still many challenges from the printing methods, bioprinting and cell culturing that needs to be discovered and investigated in the future.

scholarly journals Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago A. Rodrigues ◽  
V. Duarte ◽  
R.M. Miranda ◽  
Telmo G. Santos ◽  
J.P. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
General Perspective

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Serpooshan ◽  
Murat Guvendiren
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D structures consisting of heterogenous selections of living cells, biomaterials, and active biomolecules [...]

A new methodology for design and manufacturing of a customized silicone partial foot prosthesis using indirect additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Abdelaal ◽  
Saied Darwish ◽  
Khaled Abd Elmougoud ◽  
Saleh Aldahash
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Partial Foot Amputation

The production of customized prostheses for the foot and ankle still relies on slow and laborious steps of the traditional plaster molding fabrication techniques. Additive manufacturing techniques where three-dimensional objects can be constructed directly based on the object’s computer-aided-design data in a layerwise manner has opened the door to new opportunities for manufacturing of novel and personalized medical devices. The purpose of the present study was to develop a new methodology for design and manufacturing of a customized silicone partial foot prosthesis via an indirect additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, the biomechanics of gait of a subject with partial foot amputation wearing the custom silicone foot prosthesis manufactured by the indirect additive manufacturing was characterized, in comparison with a matched healthy participant. This study has confirmed the possibility of producing silicone partial foot prosthesis by indirect additive manufacturing procedure. The amputated subject reported total comfort using the custom prosthesis during walking, as well as cosmetic advantages. The prosthesis restored the foot geometry and normalized many of gait characteristics. The findings presented here contribute to introduce a proper understanding of biomechanics of walking after wearing silicone partial foot prosthesis and are useful for prosthetists and rehabilitation therapists when treating patients after partial foot amputation.

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