Focusing properties of chirped gratings

Some focusing properties of chirped gratings at microwave frequencies

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters ◽

10.1002/mop.4650060815 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 507-512

Author(s):

C. G. Christodoulou ◽

J. C. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Microwave Frequencies ◽

Chirped Gratings ◽

Focusing Properties

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Some focusing properties of chirped gratings

Optical and Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1007/bf02199464 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 17-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. F. Lewis ◽

C. L. West

Keyword(s):

Chirped Gratings ◽

Focusing Properties

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An improved magnetic prism design for a transmission electron microscope energy filter

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107344 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 40-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John W. Andrew ◽

F.P. Ottensmeyer ◽

E. Martell

Keyword(s):

Energy Resolution ◽

Symmetry Plane ◽

Fringe Field ◽

Focal Distance ◽

Electron Trajectories ◽

Focusing Effect ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Path Lengths ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Focusing Properties

Energy selecting electron microscopes of the Castaing-Henry prism-mirror-prism design suffer from a loss of image and energy resolution with increasing field of view. These effects can be qualitatively understood by examining the focusing properties of the prism shown in Fig. 1. A cone of electrons emerges from the entrance lens crossover A and impinges on the planar face of the prism. The task of the prism is to focus these electrons to a point B at a focal distance f2 from the side of the prism. Electrons traveling in the plane of the diagram (i.e., the symmetry plane of the prism) are focused toward point B due to the different path lengths of different electron trajectories in the triangularly shaped magnetic field. This is referred to as horizontal focusing; the better this focusing effect the better the energy resolution of the spectrometer. Electrons in a plane perpendicular to the diagram and containing the central ray of the incident cone are focused toward B by the curved fringe field of the prism.

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