IEEE 802.15.4: a developing standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks

IEEE Network ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Gutierrez ◽  
M. Naeve ◽  
E. Callaway ◽  
M. Bourgeois ◽  
V. Mitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks

An Improvement of Slotted CSMA/Ca in IEEE 802.15.4

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2767-2770
Author(s):  
Jin Hong Wang ◽  
Li Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Algorithm ◽  
Backoff Algorithm ◽  
Low Rate

IEEE802.15.4 defines MAC and PHY specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANS), which targets wireless networking among low-rate, low-power and low-cost devices for short range telecommunication. As the wireless sensor network used in ward monitoring system need to handle large amounts of data, this paper proposes an improved backoff algorithm in slotted CSMA/CA by introducing a weighting algorithm of. According to the comparison of and , we can dynamic change the minimum contention window each time at CSMA/CA begins. By NS2 simulation, when the traffic load is large, the delay time, packet loss rate and jitter of the improved dynamic algorithm can be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Routing in IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN): A Survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Sudarshan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard ◽  
Routing Tables

6LoWPANs (IPv6-based Low-Power Personal Area Networks) are formulated by devices that are compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. To moderate the effects of network mobility, the Internet Protocol (IP) does not calculate routes; it is left to a routing protocol, which maintains routing tables in the routers. 6LowPAN uses an adaptation layer between the network (IPv6) and data link layer (IEEE802.15.4 MAC) to fragment and reassemble IPv6 packets. The routing in 6LoWPAN is primarily divided on the basis of routing decision taken on adaptation or network layer. The objective of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art survey of existing routing protocols: LOAD, M-LOAD, DYMO-Low, Hi-Low, Extended Hi-Low, and S-AODV. These routing protocols have compared on the basis of different metric like energy consumption, memory uses, mobility, scalability, routing delay, an RERR message, a Hello message, and local repair. We have also presented the taxonomy of routing requirement; parameter for evaluating routing algorithm, and it was found that the routing protocol has its own advantages depending upon the application where it is used.

scholarly journals A Simulation Model of IEEE 802.15.4 GTS Mechanism and GTS Attacks in OMNeT++ / MiXiM + NETA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin M. Amin ◽  
Amr T. Abdel-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard ◽  
Time Critical

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the PHY and MAC layer specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). With the proliferation of many time-critical applications with real-time delivery, low latency, and/or specific bandwidth requirements, Guaranteed Time Slots (GTS) are increasingly being used for reliable contention-free data transmission by nodes within beacon-enabled WPANs. To evaluate the performance of the 802.15.4 GTS management scheme, this paper introduces a new GTS simulation model for OMNeT++ / MiXiM. Our GTS model considers star-topology WPANs within the 2.4 GHz frequency band, and is in full conformance with the IEEE 802.15.4 – 2006 standard. To enable thorough investigation of the behaviors and impacts of different attacks against the 802.15.4 GTS mechanism, a new GTS attacks simulation model for OMNeT++ is also introduced in this paper. Our GTS attacks model is developed for OMNeT++ / NETA, and is integrated with our GTS model to provide a single inclusive OMNeT++ simulation model for both the GTS mechanism and all known-to-date attacks against it.

scholarly journals Ασύρματα δίκτυα αισθητήρων που υποστηρίζουν αρχιτεκτονικές υπηρεσιών ιστού

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωακείμ Σαμαράς
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Service Oriented

Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η σχεδίαση-υλοποίηση, προσομοίωση και μοντελοποίηση ασύρματων δικτύων αισθητήρων (ΑΔΑ) που βασίζονται στην αρχιτεκτονική IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) και υποστηρίζουν υπηρεσίες ιστού (web services) όπως επίσης και η υλοποίηση καινούριων τέτοιων υπηρεσιών καταλληλότερων για εφαρμογή στα προαναφερθέντα ΑΔΑ. Λόγω της έλλειψης που παρατηρείται στην παροχή εργαλείων για την εκπλήρωση του παραπάνω στόχου, αναπτύχθηκε ένα πειραματικό ΑΔΑ και ένα εργαλείο προσομοιωτικών μετρήσεων της επίδρασης των υπηρεσιών ιστού σε 6LoWPAN ΑΔΑ καθώς επίσης και ένα μαθηματικό μοντέλο για την μελέτη του πρωτοκόλλου ελέγχου προσπέλασης στο μέσο μετάδοσης (MAC) αυτών των δικτύων. Το προτεινόμενο MAC πρωτόκολλο για την 6LoWPAN αρχιτεκτονική είναι o χωρίς σχισμή (unslotted) CSMA/CA μηχανισμός του ΙΕΕΕ 802.15.4 προτύπου. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής υλοποιήθηκε μια καινούρια στοίβα πρωτοκόλλων για υπηρεσίες ιστού η οποία ονομάστηκε Tiny service oriented architecture for wireless sensors (SOAWS). Το Tiny SOAWS προσφέρει μειωμένη κατανάλωση μνήμης, μειωμένο χρόνο εκτέλεσης καθώς επίσης και μειωμένα μεγέθη ανταλλασσόμενων μηνυμάτων σε σχέση με το πρότυπο device profile for web services (DPWS) το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε για την απευθείας ενσωμάτωση των υπηρεσιών ιστού σε συσκευές. Επίσης, το Tiny SOAWS υποστηρίζει την δημιουργία υπηρεσιών ιστού πάνω σε ασύρματους αισθητήρες που έχουν την ίδια σημασιολογία με τις αντίστοιχες υπηρεσίες ιστού του DPWS. Εκτός τούτου, υποστηρίζει μία καινούρια φόρμα μηνυμάτων, η οποία στηρίζεται στην extensible markup language (XML) όπως και η φόρμα μηνυμάτων του DPWS. Τα Tiny SOAWS και DPWS υλοποιήθηκαν πάνω σε πραγματικούς ασύρματους αισθητήρες και συγκρίθηκαν μεταξύ τους χρησιμοποιώντας το αναπτυχθέν πειραματικό ΑΔΑ το οποίο είναι αποτελεί ένα πραγματικό 6LoWPAN ΑΔΑ με τον μέγιστο αριθμό των ασύρματων αισθητήρων του να είναι 12. Με σκοπό την επικύρωση των παραπάνω μετρήσεων, την επέκτασή τους σε μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας ΑΔΑ καθώς επίσης και τη σύγκρισης των 2 προαναφερθέντων στοιβών πρωτοκόλλων με ένα DPWS βασισμένο σε δυαδική κωδικοποίηση (binary-based DPWS), χρησιμοποιήθηκε το αναπτυχθέν εργαλείο προσομοίωσης το οποίο υλοποιήθηκε στον προσομοιωτή network simulator (NS)-2. Επιβεβαιώθηκε η ορθή λειτουργία του πειραματικού ΑΔΑ και του εργαλείου προσομοίωσης συγκρίνοντας τις μετρήσεις του ενός με τις μετρήσεις του άλλου. Το γεγονός αυτό επιτρέπει τη χρήση τους για την αξιολόγηση και σχεδίαση 6LoWPAN ΑΔΑ που υποστηρίζουν υπηρεσίες ιστού. Επιπλέον, η σύγκριση έδειξε ότι το Tiny SOAWS υπερτερεί του DPWS. Ωστόσο, το binary-based DPWS αποτελεί την καλύτερη επιλογή. Παρόλα αυτά, η εφαρμογή του περιορίζεται σε ασύρματους αισθητήρες με συγκεκριμένο λογισμικό καθώς το σύνολο των κανόνων της XML στο οποίο στηρίζονται οι υπηρεσίες ιστού για να προσφέρουν διαλειτουργικότητα στο επίπεδο εφαρμογής δεν χρησιμοποιείται πλέον. Τέλος, οι προβλέψεις του αναπτυχθέντος μαθηματικού μοντέλου για τον unslotted μηχανισμό του MAC υπο-επιπέδου του ΙΕΕΕ 802.15.4 προτύπου συγκρίθηκαν με μετρήσεις από τον NS-2 και βρέθηκε ότι αποκλίνουν ελάχιστα. Ως εκ τούτου, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως εργαλείο αξιολόγησης της σχεδίασης ΑΔΑ τα οποία μπορούν μετέπειτα να υποστηρίξουν την 6LoWPAN αρχιτεκτονική καθώς επίσης και υπηρεσίες ιστού.

scholarly journals Reinforcement-Learning-Based IDS for 6LoWPAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryan Mohammadi Pasikhani ◽  
Andrew John Clark ◽  
Prosanta Gope
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
Operational Component

<p>The Routing Protocol for low power Lossy networks (RPL) is a critical operational component of low power wireless personal area networks using IPv6 (6LoWPANs). In this paper we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based IDS to detect various attacks on RPL in 6LoWPANs, including several unaddressed by current research. The proposed scheme can also detect previously unseen attacks and the presence of mobile intruders. The scheme is well suited to the resource constrained environments of our target networks.</p><br>

scholarly journals Accommodating Machine-To-Machine Traffic In IEEE 802.15.4: The Prioritized Wait Time Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Machine Communication ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Machine-to-Machine communication (M2M) refers to automated applications executing on smart devices or machines that communicate through a network with little or no human intervention at all. By enabling smart devices to communicate directly with one another, M2M communications technology has the potential to radically change the world around us and the way that we interact with objects. Many applications can benefit from M2M communications, such as transportation, health care, smart energy production, transmission, and distribution, logistics, city automation and manufacturing, security and safety, and others. This work describes an approach to implement M2M communications using the well-known IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee communications standard for low data rate wireless personal area networks. In order to achieve better performance for M2M traffic, we propose some improvements in the protocol. Our simulation results confirm the validity

Enabling Technologies for Pervasive Computing

2009 ◽  
pp. 1037-1043
Author(s):  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt ◽  
Walter Cunha Borelli
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Routing And Scheduling ◽  
Mac Layers ◽  
Coexistence Issues

Bluetooth (Bluetooth SIG, 2004) and ZigBee (ZigBee Alliance, 2004) are short-range radio technologies designed for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), where the devices must have low power consumption and require little infrastructure to operate, or none at all. These devices will enable many applications of mobile and pervasive computing. Bluetooth is the IEEE 802.15.1 (2002) standard and focuses on cable replacement for consumer devices and voice applications for medium data rate networks. ZigBee is the IEEE 802.15.4 (2003) standard for low data rate networks for sensors and control devices. The IEEE defines only the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers of the standards (Baker, 2005). Both standards have alliances formed by different companies that develop the specifications for the other layers, such as network, link, security, and application. Although designed for different applications, there exists some overlap among these technologies, which are both competitive and complementary. This article makes a comparison of the two standards, addressing the differences, similarities, and coexistence issues. Some research challenges are described, such as quality of service, security, energy-saving methods and protocols for network formation, routing, and scheduling.

Multipath Extension of the ZigBee Tree Routing in Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahia Bidai ◽  
Moufida Maimour ◽  
Hafid Haffaf
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Multimedia ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Cluster Tree ◽  
Tree Routing

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are one of the most challenging applications of WSN. They require large amounts of data to be transmitted with high reporting rates which consume an order of magnitude of resources, such as storage, computation, bandwidth, and energy. On the other hand, the ZigBee standard was originally specified for low data rate, low power consumption, and low cost wireless personal area networks (WPANs), making it suitable to WSN. However, handling high data rate applications, such as video surveillance in WPANs, is a challenge. Simultaneous multipath routing is one solution to increase the available bandwidth in a ZigBee network. In this paper, we proposed Z-MHTR (ZigBee Multipath Hierarchical Tree Routing), a node disjoint multipath routing extension of the ZigBee tree routing protocol in cluster-tree WSNs. Extensive simulations were performed and showed that the propsed multipath routing enhances application performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and network lifetime even under heavy data rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document