An improved parallel circle-drawing algorithm

Jianhua Huang; E. Banissi

doi:10.1109/38.576856

Circle drawing and tracing dataset for evaluation of fine motor control

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2021.106763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 106763

Author(s):

Eros Quarta ◽

Riccardo Bravi ◽

Diego Minciacchi ◽

Erez James Cohen

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Fine Motor Control ◽

Circle Drawing

Download Full-text

Circle-Drawing Movements at Different Speeds: Role of Inertial Anisotropy

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00946.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 2399-2407 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kerstin D. Pfann ◽

Daniel M. Corcos ◽

Charity G. Moore ◽

Ziaul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Horizontal Plane ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Speed Dependence ◽

Oval Shape ◽

Circle Drawing ◽

Relative Motions

This study investigated the role of inertial anisotropy at the hand in causing distortions in movement. Subjects drew circles in the horizontal plane at four locations in the workspace at three instructed paces using elbow and shoulder movements. Specifically, we tested two hypotheses, which we would expect if the anisotropy of inertia were not completely accounted for by the CNS when generating circle-drawing movements: 1) speed will affect the circularity of figures, with faster movements associated with greater elongation into an oval shape, irrespective of workspace location for configurations with a similar angle between the forearm and upper arm. 2) The elongation of the circle at fast speeds will be in the direction of least inertia. The results showed that despite individual differences in the speed dependence of the relative motions at the elbow and the shoulder, the circularity decreased (distortion increased) with increased speed, and workspace location had no effect on circularity. We also found that the elongation of the circles at fast speeds was in a direction close to but significantly different from the direction of least inertia for three workspace locations and was in the direction of least inertia for the fourth location. We suggest that the elongation results from lack of full accounting by the CNS of the anisotropy of viscosity and inertia.

Download Full-text

Bimanual Circle Drawing during Secondary Task Loading

Motor Control ◽

10.1123/mcj.2.2.106 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 106-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jeffery J. Summers ◽

Winston D. Byblow ◽

Don F. Bysouth-Young ◽

Andras Semjen

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Secondary Task ◽

Coordination Mode ◽

Transition Frequency ◽

Counting Task ◽

Symmetrical Pattern ◽

Asymmetrical Pattern ◽

Movement Frequency ◽

Coordination Patterns ◽

Circle Drawing

Seven right-handed participants performed bimanual circling movements in either a symmetrical or an asymmetrical coordination mode. Movements were paced with an auditory metronome at predetermined frequencies corresponding to transition frequency, where asymmetrical patterns became unstable, or at two-thirds transition frequency, where both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns were stable. The pacing tones were presented in either a high (1000 Hz) or low (500 Hz) pitch, and the percentage of high-pitched tones during a 20 s trial varied between 0% and 70%. Participants were instructed to count the number of high-pitched pacing tones that occurred during a trial of bimanual circling. Overall, the symmetrical pattern was more stable than the asymmetrical pattern at both frequencies. Errors on the tone-counting task were significantly higher during asymmetrical circling than symmetrical circling but only at the transition movement frequency. The results suggest that cognitive processes play a role in maintaining coordination patterns within regions of instability.

Download Full-text

A Cerebellar Deficit in Sensorimotor Prediction Explains Movement Timing Variability

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.90221.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 2825-2832 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jin Bo ◽

Hannah J. Block ◽

Jane E. Clark ◽

Amy J. Bastian

Keyword(s):

Internal Model ◽

Hand Movements ◽

Movement Initiation ◽

Movement Timing ◽

Timing Variability ◽

Drawing Task ◽

Internal Event ◽

Event Timer ◽

Improve Patient ◽

Circle Drawing

A popular theory is that the cerebellum functions as a timer for clocking motor events (e.g., initiation, termination). Consistent with this idea, cerebellar patients have been reported to show greater deficits during hand movements that repeatedly start and stop (i.e., discontinuous movements) compared with continuous hand movements. Yet, this finding could potentially be explained by an alternate theory in which the cerebellum acts as an internal model of limb mechanics. We tested whether a timing or internal model hypothesis best explains results from a circle-drawing task, where individuals trace a circle with the hand at a desired tempo. We first attempted to replicate prior results showing greater impairment for discontinuous versus continuous circling movements, and then asked whether we could improve patient performance by reducing demands in each domain. First, we slowed the movement down to reduce the need to predict and compensate for limb dynamics. Second, we supplied external timing information to reduce the need for an internal event timer. Results showed that we did not replicate the previous findings—cerebellar patients were impaired in both discontinuous and continuous movements. Slowing the movement improved cerebellar performance to near control values. The addition of an external visual timing signal paradoxically worsened timing deficits rather than mitigating them. One interpretation of these combined results is that the cerebellum is indeed functioning as an internal model and is needed to make appropriate predictions for movement initiation and termination.

Download Full-text