Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub 3/ magnet powder made by reduction and diffusion method

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 3322-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kawamoto ◽  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
S. Yasuda ◽  
K. Takeya ◽  
K. Ishizaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
And Diffusion

Ciprofloxacin-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol)/gelatin electrospun nanofiber mats as antibacterial wound dressings

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372199746
Author(s):  
Tittaya Thairin ◽  
Patcharaporn Wutticharoenmongkol
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Total Immersion ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
And Diffusion

Herein, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol)/gelatin (SPG) (CIP–SPG) nanofiber mats were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The average fiber diameters of the mats before and after crosslinking were in the range of 190–260 and 385–484 nm, respectively. The chemical integrity of CIP remained intact after encapsulation into the mats. The degree of weight loss and water swelling decreased with an increase in the gelatin content of the electrospun nanofiber mats. A release study was carried out by total immersion and diffusion methods using phosphate buffer as a release medium. Burst release of CIP was observed in case of the total immersion method, while a more sustained release was observed in case of the diffusion method. The maximum amounts of CIP released during total immersion and diffusion were in the range of 70–90% and 72–85%, respectively. For both the total immersion and diffusion methods, the released amounts of CIP decreased and the release slowed down with an increase in the gelatin content; this result is consistent with the weight loss and water swelling values. The Young’s modulus increased, while the tensile strength and strain at break decreased with an increase in the gelatin content. The CIP–SPG nanofiber mats were slightly toxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts as evaluated by indirect cytotoxicity assay. The electrospun CIP–SPG nanofiber mats exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results reveal that the electrospun CIP–SPG nanofiber mats are potentially promising materials for wound healing applications.

Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub 3/ magnet powder made by using reduction and diffusion method

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kawamoto ◽  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
S. Yasuda ◽  
K. Takeya ◽  
K. Ishizaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
And Diffusion

Determination of Residual Oil Saturation by Use of Enhanced Diffusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridvan Akkurt ◽  
Dave Marschall ◽  
R.Y. Eyvazzadeh ◽  
J.S. Gardner ◽  
Duncan Mardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Relaxation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Residual Oil Saturation ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Diffusion

Summary The enhanced diffusion method (EDM) exploits the diffusion contrast between oil and water separating their respective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. Unlike standard NMR logs acquired with short interecho time (TE), measurements, EDM data are acquired using long T E accentuating diffusion. Fundamentally the EDM establishes an absolute upper bound for the T2 of water, thus any T2's greater than this limit unambiguously indicates that oil is present. The EDM's best application is with intermediate viscosity oils (approximately 1 to 50 cp) complementing other NMR hydrocarbon-typing applications designed for lighter hydrocarbons (i.e., the differential spectrum method). While expanding the viscosity range of NMR hydrocarbon-typing applications, the EDM also provides a method by which to determine residual oil saturation (ROS), which is the main focus of this article. The potential use of NMR as a direct indicator of hydrocarbon saturation via techniques such as the differential spectrum method (DSM) has generated significant interest in the petrophysical community in recent years. Although originally developed for applications involving natural gas, the DSM has also been used successfully in light hydrocarbon environments. However, success has been limited to the low end of the viscosity spectrum because of the T1 separation requirements between the brine and hydrocarbon phases. The T1 separation requirement imposed on diffusion applications in higher viscosity oils can be eliminated by using the EDM, where diffusion is turned into the dominant relaxation mode for the wetting brine phase. Given that brine is more diffusive than the hydrocarbons, the longest apparent T2 from the brine phase can be made short enough to cause separation between the two phases in T2 space, thereby eliminating the need for T1 separation. Wait time manipulation can then be used to quantify hydrocarbon volumes when the two phases are separated in the T2 domain. In this article we focus on determination of the residual oil saturation using the EDM, while also providing guidelines for job screening and acquisition parameter selection. Several case histories that are provided are used to illustrate the basic concepts and different methodologies available. Introduction The enhanced diffusion method is a new method developed to distinguish oil and water NMR signals in a gradient magnetic field by exploiting the diffusion contrast between the two fluids. The method is applicable for moderate oil viscosities, approximately in the ~1 to ~50 cp range. The major objective of this article is to discuss EDM signal processing techniques for residual oil saturation, and the reader is referred to existing literature1 for a detailed discussion regarding the petrophysical concepts and related laboratory measurements of the EDM. A secondary objective is to provide guidelines that can be used to screen potential EDM applications and to determine optimal acquisition parameters. Within the context used in this article, residual oil saturation is defined as the oil saturation in the flushed zone after drilling fluid invasion, and the terms residual and flushed zone oil saturation are used interchangeably. Theory The basic concept of the EDM is to turn diffusion into an effective transverse relaxation mechanism while minimizing the dominance of surface relaxation by acquiring NMR logs at long interecho times. Three different mechanisms, which operate in parallel, contribute to the overall apparent relaxation rate of water in porous media: $$1/T {2AW}=1/T {2BW}+1/T {2SW}+1/T {2DW},\eqno ({\rm 1})$$ where the subscript W stands for water, and A, B, S, D denote apparent, bulk, surface-induced, and diffusion-induced mechanisms, respectively. The surface and diffusion induced relaxation rates are given by $$1/T {2SW}=\rho {2}S/V,\eqno ({\rm 2})$$$$1/T {2DW}=((\gamma GT {E})^{2}D {0W})/12,\eqno ({\rm 3})$$ where ?2 is surface relaxivity, S/V is the surface-to-volume ratio, ? is the gyromagnetic ratio, G is the magnetic field gradient, TE is the interecho time, and D0W is the self-diffusion coefficient of water. In standard logging modes using short TE surface relaxation dominates since (1) T2BW is very long, especially at elevated temperatures, and (2) T2BW is also very long because of the short TE values used, despite large magnetic field gradients of the logging tools.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Perasan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) terhadap Aspergilllus terreus secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activity Test of Basil Leaves Juice (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) against Aspergilllus terreus by in Vitro]

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Tyfany Imanu Sabrina, Sudarno, Hari Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Leaf Juice

Abstract Aspergillus terreus is a fungus that causes aspergillosis disease. The infected fishes showed grey white patches over the body. Haemorrhagic ulceratic patches were observed on the gill and skin. The infections resulted in the death of the fishes. The use of chemicals to control fungal attack A. terreus can harm fish, the environment and humans who eat them. Treatment of fungal diseases that use a lot of chemicals that can harm the fish, the environment and humans who eat them. The use of medicinal plants is a safe way to inhibit and kill fungus growth as well as environmentally friendly. One of them uses the basil plant (Ocimum sanctum). The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum concentration of activity and basil leaf juice (O. sanctum Linn) as antifungal against A. terreus growth in vitro . The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University in July 2013. The method used in this research that the paper disc diffusion method and diffusion pitting. The analysis used in this study is descriptive statistica. The results of research using the juice of basil leaves (O. santum) of juice concentration of 50% (2,5 ml juice of basil leaves + 2,5 ml NaCl) to concentration 100% (5 ml juice of basil leaves) did not produce a clear zone around the paper discs and pitting, it is the same as the negative control. The positive control did not show fungus growing on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium (SDA).

scholarly journals CONTROL OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE IN MILK FROM FARM TO TABLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Jelena Apić ◽  
Jelena Petrović ◽  
Olga Rackov ◽  
Dubravka Milanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Enzyme Method ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

Antibiotic residue in milk may have harmful consequences for humans and milk technology. In order to prevent adverse effects of residue, nowadays different screening methods are used for qualitative examination of antibiotic residue in milk. The aim of the work was to investigate the presence of antibiotic residue in the samples of milk from different phases of production chain (from raw material to final product) by using different screening methods. Three screening methods, that are most often used, were chosen. Microbiological inhibitory methods: Delvo SP test and diffusion method with B. stearothermophilus and enzyme method Penzyme S test. A total of 60 samples were examined. The samples were collected from whole milk production chain from farm to final product. The investigation determined high compatibility of tests. The differences that occur in examining the same sample using three different methods are a consequence of different sensitivity of the methods. Delvo SP test is sensitive to antibiotics, sulphonamides, disinfectants and inhibitory substances in milk (lactoferin, lactoperoxidase). Diffusion method is sensitive to antibiotics, while Penzyme S is sensitive only to β-lactam antibiotics. High coincidence of Penzyme S test with two other tests prove that β-lactam antibiotics are the most often residua that can be found in milk. The differences in results may also be a consequence of difference of detection limit for the same antibiotics. On the basis of performed investigation, it was detected that there is a high percent of milk sample that contain antibiotic residues 30% in bulk tanks on farms, 20% in cistern in diary and 20% in pasteurized and sterilized milk on the market. On the bases of parallel investigation of diffusion method, Delvo SP test and Penzyme S test, we can conclude that all three methods are extremely in agreement and thus they fulfill one of the criteria for introducing them in systematic milk control on presence of antibiotic residue.

scholarly journals Sm-(Fe, Mn)-N Magnet Powder Made by Reduction and Diffusion Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ishikawa ◽  
Takashi Iseki ◽  
Koichi Yokosawa ◽  
Kunio Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Hybrid Patch Propagation and Diffusion Technique for Image Inpainting

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Structure Similarity Index ◽  
Structure Similarity ◽  
And Diffusion

This paper deals with anovel hybrid technique based onpatch propagation and diffusion method for image inpainting. The presented technique is used to reconstruct a damaged image. Image inpainting is a method to fill the hole with the best plausible, which is created due to damage. The novel hybridization technique of diffusion-based and exemplar-based is presented to overcome the existing problem of inpainting. The method is tested on the image dataset of TUM-IID. The performance of present method is measured using quality factor (QF) analysis, peak signal-noise ratio (PSNR), and comparing similarity by structure similarity index (SSIM). Result demonstrates that the proposed calculation performed better contrast with the existing exemplar-based technique.

The potassium status of barley in relation to yields of grain

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. D. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Tissue Test

1. Various portions of barley plants were made available for chemical tests from manurial experiments which were designed to test the effects of K treatment (broadcast and placed with the seed) on grain yield.2. The experiments were located at three centres differing in soil characters and K status. Centre A was severely deficient in K; centre B was moderately deficient and at centre C, K was adequate.3. A comparison was made between the results of the following tissue test methods for K, Mg, Ca, P and Mn: (a) diffusion method, using young leaf, mid-stem leaf, and internode respectively; (b) Waring blendor, and (c) ash analysis. Mn was not determined by the blendor method.4. The coefficients of variation for the quick tests compared favourably with those of ash analysis for K, Mg, Ca, P and Mn respectively. Variations in results in tissue tests for Ca were, however, significantly greater than those of ash analysis, at centre A (second sampling).5. Correlation coefficients between results of ash analysis and the tissue test methods for K, Mg, Ca, P and Mn were positive and significant for totals, treatment and treatment × sites, except for Mn in young leaf by diffusion method. The error term for P was also significant for the quick methods, thus decreasing the value of the correlations for this nutrient.6. Correlation coefficients of yields with ash analyses, Waring blendor and diffusion method (mid-stem leaf) analyses respectively were significant and positive for K and negative for Mg, Ca, P and Mn. This confirms an interaction of K with the other nutrients.7. Minimum K levels, determined 5 weeks after seeding, above which no further increase in yields may be expected at the three centres, were: by diffusion method, using young leaf, mid-stem leaf and internode, 700, 500 and 600 μg. extracted per. g fresh weight respectively; by Waring blendor using ‘tops’, 2000 μg. extracted per g. fresh weight; by ash analysis of tops 1·5% K in dry matter. There is evidence that these critical levels fall later in the season, especially in mid-stem leaves, presumably through translocation of K to the ears.8. Minimum levels of K required for optimum yields are above those associated with the onset of deficiency symptoms of the element. Thus chemical methods only can determine suboptimal levels of nutrients in relation to final yields.

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