THE MICROCOMPUTER IN THE SCHOOL LIBRARY: MISLIP IN SCOTTISH SECONDARY SCHOOLS

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
DOROTHY A. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Library ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Know How ◽  
Available Information

The present climate in education is one of change with increasing emphasis on independent learning and resource‐based learning. The decisions facing today's youngsters will require that they know how and where to “find out” for themselves, whether it is where to collect the relevant form, how to locate a useful contact address or how to make sense of the wealth of information available in any particular field of knowledge. Central to this ability to think and learn for oneself is the ability to make the best use of available information.

scholarly journals Economic Determinants of Industrial Water Demand: A Review of the Applied Research Literature

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería ◽  
Ramón Barberán
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Know How ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Industrial Water Demand ◽  
Available Information

This paper surveys the empirical, economic literature focused on the determinants of industrial water demand. Both the methodological issues and the outcomes of the previous studies are presented and discussed. Attention is given to key methodological issues, such as the available information, the type of data used, the specification of the variables, the choice of the estimated function, its functional form, and the estimation techniques used, highlighting the issues that require greater attention in future studies. Regarding the results, we focus on the estimated elasticities in order to know how the price of water, the level of activity, and the prices of the other inputs influence the demand for water.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF LIBRARY RESOURCES BY STAFF AND STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTHERN KADUNA SENATORIAL DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Shafi’u Yusuf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Library ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Orientation Program ◽  
Library Use ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Senior Secondary Schools ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Senior Secondary

This study analyzed the use of library resources by staff and students of secondary schools in southern Kaduna senatorial district. The population of this research comprised all secondary schools in southern Kaduna senatorial zone. Multistage sampling technique was employed in drawing a sample size of 800 students and 400 teachers. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire and was tested for reliability using Cronbach alpha. The reliability coefficient of Library use scale was= 0.9. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings indicate that majority of the respondents reported that nobody encouraged them to use the library. While, respondents were also tried to benefit from all facilities of the library; borrow books from the library. In the face of using library facilities, majority of the respondents established that they visit the library not only when they have assignment. Based on the findings, the study concludes that organizing a series of lecture under user instruction or user education or library orientation program is required in public senior secondary schools. The study recommends that teachers should also mandate students to use the school library effectively; it can help attain high academic achievement. It was also recommended that professional librarians should be employed in public senior secondary schools to plan and execute result oriented information education.

scholarly journals A discipline for the avoidance of unnecessary assumptions

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Case ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Do So

Although unnecessary assumptions are something we all try to avoid, advice on how to do so is much harder to come by than admonition. The most widely quoted dictum on the subject, often referred to by writers on philosophy as “Ockham's razor” and attributed generally to William of Ockham, states “Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem”. (Entities are not to be multiplied without necessity.) As pointed out in reference [I], however, the authenticity of this attribution is questionable.The same reference mentions Newton's essentially similar statement in his Principia Mathematica of 1726. Hume [3] is credited by Tribus [2c] with pointing out in 1740 that the problem of statistical inference is to find an assignment of probabilities that “uses the available information and leaves the mind unbiased with respect to what is not known.” The difficulty is that often our data are incomplete and we do not know how to create an intelligible interpretation without filling in some gaps. Assumptions, like sin, are much more easily condemned than avoided.In the author's opinion, important results have been achieved in recent years toward solving the problem of how best to utilize data that might heretofore have been regarded as inadequate. The approach taken and the relevance of this work to certain actuarial problems will now be discussed.Bias and PrejudiceOne type of unnecessary assumption lies in the supposition that a given estimator is unbiased when in fact it has a bias. We need not discuss this aspect of our subject at length here since what we might consider the scalar case of the general problem is well covered in textbooks and papers on sampling theory. Suffice it to say that an estimator is said to be biased if its expected value differs by an incalculable degree from the quantity being estimated. Such differences can arise either through faulty procedures of data collection or through use of biased mathematical formulas. It should be realized that biased formulas and procedures are not necessarily improper when their variance, when added to the bias, is sufficiently small as to yield a mean square error lower than the variance of an alternative, unbiased estimator.

Problems with Teaching Astronomy in Japan

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miyawaki
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Know How ◽  
New Curriculum

AbstractBy 1989 a new curriculum in Japanese elementary and secondary schools had been devised and started. I will report on the contents of the new curriculum and point out some problems in teaching astronomy in Japan identified from the results of recent research in science education. Recent research shows that it is important to know how children’s ideas and misconceptions are constructed and what role the philosophy of science may play in shaping them.

Performance evaluation of the ISMLR package for predicting the next day's influent wastewater flowrate at Kirie WRP

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Zhu ◽  
Paul R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Data Retention ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Know How ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Frequency Monitoring ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Soft-sensor applications for wastewater management can provide valuable information for intelligent monitoring and process control above and beyond what is available from conventional hard sensors and laboratory measurements. To realize these benefits, it is important to know how to manage gaps in the data time series, which could result from the failure of hard sensors, errors in laboratory measurements, or low-frequency monitoring schedules. A robust soft-sensor system needs to include a plan to address missing data and efficiently select variable(s) to make the most use of the available information. In this study, we developed and applied an enhanced iterated stepwise multiple linear regression (ISMLR) method through a MATLAB-based package to predict the next day's influent flowrate at the Kirie water reclamation plant (WRP). The method increased the data retention from 77% to 93% and achieved an adjusted R2 up to 0.83 by integrating with a typical artificial neural network.

scholarly journals School Library Perspectives from Asia: Trends, Innovations and Challenges in Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Ee Loh ◽  
Annie Tam ◽  
Daisuke Okada
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
21St Century ◽  
School Library ◽  
National Level ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Learning And Collaboration ◽  
Policies And Practices

In this global, multicultural world requiring greater levels of literacy, independent learning and collaboration, the school library as a learning hub needs to meet the needs of 21st century students. However, more information about how different countries’ school library policies and practices is required for nations to learn from each other. This professional panel brings together three presenters from Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan to engage with the issue of what counts as a future-ready library in their own contexts of reading and learning. Each presenter will focus on the current trends, challenges and innovations in their own contexts, with particular focus on national policies, practices and librarian education. Significant parallels and differences across the different systems will be discussed. Implications for developing future-ready school libraries and librarians at national level will be discussed.

scholarly journals Information Literacy through Guided Inquiry: Preparing Students for the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol C. Kuhlthau
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
School Library ◽  
Research Process ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
School Librarians ◽  
University Center ◽  
The Impact

Across the globe, school libraries play an essential role in preparing students for living and working in the 21st century through information literacy. The Rutgers University Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL) promotes this initiative in information literacy through research on the impact of school libraries on student learning, research symposia for international scholars, and training institutes for school librarians and teachers. Our research shows that guided inquiry is a dynamic, innovative way of developing information literacy through the school library. Guided inquiry is carefully planned, closely supervised, targeted intervention of an instructional team of school librarians and teachers that leads students through the research process toward independent learning. Guided inquiry develops research skills and subject knowledge as well as fostering cooperative learning, motivation, reading comprehension, language development and social skills that underlie competency for our young people in the 21st century.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic ‘Lockdown’ on Reading Engagement of Selected Secondary School Students in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Ibitola Oluwatoyin Adigun ◽  
Fadekemi Omobola Oyewusi ◽  
Kolawole Akinjide Aramide
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Library ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Reading Engagement ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Several studies have decried the non-existence of functional school libraries in many primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. This inadequacy in school libraries made it extremely difficult for school librarians to foster the culture of reading in students through school library use and reading promotional activities. Moreover, library hours are not included in the school time table in many of the secondary schools in Nigeria. Thus, reading engagement has been on the decline among secondary school students in the country. Despite these challenges, some studies suggested that students will spend more time reading if they have more spare time. Therefore, this study investigated selected secondary school students’ reading engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic school lockdown. It was assumed that the availability of time during the period would motivate students to read since schools were closed and movement was restricted. The study adopted an online survey instrument (Questionnaire) administered to the students over 3-month period (April - June 2020). This instrument was adopted because there was total closure of schools throughout the country, thus the only means students could be reached at the time was through online. The questionnaire was sent to individual students and school online groups. Thus, the study was limited to students with information technology gadgets and online presence. The result revealed that there was no significant difference in the duration of time students spent reading during the lockdown and when school was in session. It also revealed that students read textbooks to prepare for examinations and to keep sound academically.

scholarly journals Leptin Deficiency, Caused by Malnutrition, Makes You Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection but Could Offer Protection from Severe COVID-19

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald Schoeman ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Know How ◽  
Leptin Deficiency ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Available Information

ABSTRACT In much of the developing world, severe malnutrition is the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency and affects up to 50% of the population in some impoverished communities. As yet, we do not know how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will behave in populations with immunodeficiency caused by malnourishment. Interestingly, researchers are now speculating that, in some instances, a defective cellular immune system could paradoxically be a protective factor against severe disease in certain patients contracting SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. This could be linked to the absence of T-cell activation. Based on available information presented here, it is plausible that the hyperimmune response, and subsequent cytokine storm often associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), could be “counteracted” by the defective immune response seen in individuals with malnutrition-induced leptin deficiency. In this paper, we proposed a theory that although those with malnutrition-linked leptin deficiency are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they are at lower risk of developing severe COVID-19.

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