C-Energy's Red Hill Plant: Meeting the SO2 Challenge

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anton S. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
So2 Removal ◽  
Economics Courses ◽  
Installation Cost ◽  
Over Time

This case is suitable for graduate-level quantitative analysis, business and government, environment and sustainability, and global economics courses. Students must consider the tradeoffs between continuing to run an old coal-burning plant and purchasing emissions allowances (EAs) versus upgrading to emissions-reducing wet or dry scrubbers. Reducing emissions creates the possibility of selling the plant's surplus EAs (which are likely to increase in price). Choosing a wet or dry scrubber requires considering installation cost and construction time, variable cost, and SO2 removal efficiency. Ideally, the investment should pay back over time, but management believes some net investment could also be justified. For that, however, complete analyses from both economic and environmental perspectives are required. A supplemental spreadsheet is available to accompany the case (UVA-QA-0726X).

On the State of Genre/Form Vocabulary: A Quantitative Analysis of LCGFT Data in WorldCat

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Colin Bitter ◽  
Yuji Tosaka
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this paper is to report on a quantitative analysis of the LCGFT vocabulary within a large set of MARC bibliographic data retrieved from the OCLC WorldCat database. The study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the outcomes of the LCGFT project, which was launched by the Library of Congress (LC) in 2007. Findings point to a moderate increase in LCGFT use over time; however, the vocabulary has not been applied to the fullest extent possible in WorldCat. Further, adoption has been inconsistent between the various LCGFT disciplines. These and other findings discussed here suggest that retrospective application of the vocabulary using automated means should be investigated by catalogers and other technical services librarians. Indeed, as the data used for the analysis show somewhat uneven application of LCGFT, and with nearly half a billion records in WorldCat, it remains a certainty that much of LCGFT’s full potentials for genre/form access and retrieval will remain untapped until innovative solutions are introduced to further increase overall vocabulary usage in bibliographic databases.

scholarly journals The necessitive impersonal REIK(Ė)TI ‘need’: the rise of modal meaning

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė ◽  
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The focus of the paper is on the frequency, distribution patterns and semantic profile of the necessitive impersonal reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in old and contemporary Lithuanian texts. The study employs corpus based quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate the patterns of use of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the Database of Old Writings (16th-17th centuries) as well as the fiction sub-corpus of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the humanities and biomedical sciences sub-corpora of the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit). The study follows van der Auwera and Plungian’s (1998) modality framework. The quantitative analysis shows that the present tense form reikia ‘need.PRS.3’ is the dominating one across all the sub-corpora analysed. The results of the qualitative study indicate that the deontic sub-type of participant external modality is prevailing in the old Lithuanian texts as well as in the fiction sub-corpus and in the biomedical sciences texts of the contemporary Lithuanian. The discourse of the humanities displays a fairly frequent employment of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ for discourse organising functions alongside the deontic uses. Although the usage patterns of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the biomedical sciences and the humanities share certain common features, they also point to discipline specific trends of argumentation. It is also important to observe that the objective deontic reik(ė)ti ‘need’ seems to gradually acquire the features of subjective deontic modality over time, which corresponds to the typical subjectification cline (cf. Traugott 1989).

Transition to work, mismatch and underemployment among graduates: an Australian longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jackson ◽  
Ian Li
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThere are ongoing concerns regarding university degree credentials leading to graduate-level employment. Tracking graduate underemployment is complicated by inconsistent measures and tendencies to report on outcomes soon after graduation. Our study explored transition into graduate-level work beyond the short-term, examining how determining factors change over time.Design/methodology/approachWe considered time-based underemployment (graduates are working less hours than desired) and overqualification (skills in employment not matching education level/type) perspectives. We used a national data set for 41,671 graduates of Australian universities in 2016 and 2017, surveyed at four months and three years' post-graduation, to explore determining factors in the short and medium-term. Descriptive statistical techniques and binary logistic regression were used to address our research aims.FindingsGraduates' medium-term employment states were generally positive with reduced unemployment and increased full-time job attainment. Importantly, most graduates that were initially underemployed transited to full-time work at three years post-graduation. However, around one-fifth of graduates were overqualified in the medium-term. While there was some evidence of the initially qualified transitioning to matched employment, supporting career mobility theory, over one-third remaining overqualified. Skills, personal characteristics and degree-related factors each influenced initial overqualification, while discipline was more important in the medium-term.Originality/valueOur study explores both time-based underemployment and overqualification, and over time, builds on earlier work. Given the longer-term, negative effects of mismatch on graduates' career and wellbeing, findings highlight the need for career learning strategies to manage underemployment and consideration of future labour market policy for tertiary graduates.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of cryptocurrencies transaction graph

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Pasha Motamed ◽  
Behnam Bahrak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Degree Sequence ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Over Time

AbstractCryptocurrencies as a new way of transferring assets and securing financial transactions have gained popularity in recent years. Transactions in cryptocurrencies are publicly available, hence, statistical studies on different aspects of these currencies are possible. However, previous statistical analysis on cryptocurrencies transactions have been very limited and mostly devoted to Bitcoin, with no comprehensive comparison between these currencies. In this study, we intend to compare the transaction graph of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dash, and Z-Cash, with respect to the dynamics of their transaction graphs over time, and discuss their properties. In particular, we observed that the growth rate of the nodes and edges of the transaction graphs, and the density of these graphs, are closely related to the price of these currencies. We also found that the transaction graph of these currencies is non-assortative, i.e. addresses do not tend for transact with a particular type of addresses of higher or lower degree, and the degree sequence of their transaction graph follows the power law distribution.

An Advanced Formulation of Kalman Filter Time Series Reference Frame Realization for Geophysical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wu ◽  
Bruce Haines ◽  
Michael Heflin ◽  
Felix Landerer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
State Vector ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Covariance Matrices ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
The State ◽  
Geocenter Motion ◽  
Over Time

<p>A Kalman filter and time series approach to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) realization (KALREF) has been developed and used in JPL. KALREF combines weekly or daily SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS data and realizes a terrestrial reference frame in the form of time-variable geocentric station coordinate time series. The origin is defined at nearly instantaneous Center-of-Mass of the Earth system (CM) sensed by weekly SLR data and the scale is implicitly defined by the weighted averages of those of weekly SLR and daily VLBI data. The standard KALREF formulation describes the state vector in terms of time variable station coordinates and other constant parameters. Such a formulation is fine for station positions and their uncertainties or covariance matrices at individual epochs. However, coordinate errors are strongly correlated over time given KALREF’s unique nature of combining different technique data with various frame strengths through local tie measurements and co-motion constraints and its use of random walk processes. For long time series and large space geodetic networks in the ITRF, KALREF cannot keep track of such correlations over time. If they are ignored when forming geocentric displacements for geophysical inverse or network shift geocenter motion studies, the covariance matrices of coordinate differences cannot adequately represent those of displacements. Consequently, significant non-uniqueness and inaccuracies would occur in the results of studies using such matrices. To overcome this difficulty, an advanced KALREF formulation is implemented that features explicit displacement parameters in the state vector that would allow the Kalman filter and smoother to compute and return covariance matrices of displacements. The use of displacement covariance matrices reduces the impact of time correlated errors and completely solves the non-uniqueness problem. However, errors in the displacements are still correlated in time. Further calibrations are needed to accurately assess covariance matrices of derivative quantities such as averages, velocities and accelerations during various time periods. We will present KALREF results of the new formulation and their use along with newly reprocessed RL06 GRACE gravity data in a new unified inversion for geocenter motion.</p>

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