scholarly journals Actin-Related Protein2/3 Complex Component ARPC1 Is Required for Proper Cell Morphogenesis and Polarized Cell Growth in Physcomitrella patens

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2327-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Harries ◽  
Aihong Pan ◽  
Ralph S. Quatrano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Complex Component ◽  
Polarized Cell Growth

scholarly journals Spatial control of translation repression and polarized growth by conserved NDR kinase Orb6 and RNA-binding protein Sts5

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Illyce Nuñez ◽  
Marbelys Rodriguez Pino ◽  
David J Wiley ◽  
Maitreyi E Das ◽  
Chuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Polarized Cell Growth ◽  
Rnp Granules

RNA-binding proteins contribute to the formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules by phase transition, but regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Conserved fission yeast NDR (Nuclear Dbf2-Related) kinase Orb6 governs cell morphogenesis in part by spatially controlling Cdc42 GTPase. Here we describe a novel, independent function for Orb6 kinase in negatively regulating the recruitment of RNA-binding protein Sts5 into RNPs to promote polarized cell growth. We find that Orb6 kinase inhibits Sts5 recruitment into granules, its association with processing (P) bodies, and degradation of Sts5-bound mRNAs by promoting Sts5 interaction with 14-3-3 protein Rad24. Many Sts5-bound mRNAs encode essential factors for polarized cell growth, and Orb6 kinase spatially and temporally controls the extent of Sts5 granule formation. Disruption of this control system affects cell morphology and alters the pattern of polarized cell growth, revealing a role for Orb6 kinase in the spatial control of translational repression that enables normal cell morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Host-Polarized Cell Growth in Animal Symbionts

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Pende ◽  
Jinglan Wang ◽  
Philipp M. Weber ◽  
Jolanda Verheul ◽  
Erkin Kuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Polarized Cell Growth

Cell morphogenesis of trichomes in Arabidopsis: differential control of primary and secondary branching by branch initiation regulators and cell growth

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 3779-3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Folkers ◽  
J. Berger ◽  
M. Hulskamp
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Trichome Cell

Cell morphogenesis, i.e. the acquisition of a particular cell shape, can be examined genetically in the three-branched trichomes that differentiate from single epidermal cells on the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. In normal development, the growing trichome cell undergoes two successive branching events, resulting in a proximal side stem and a distal main stem which subsequently splits in two branches. Using new and previously described trichome mutants, we have analyzed the branching pattern in single and double mutants affecting branch number or cell size in order to determine underlying mechanisms. Our results suggest that primary branching is genetically distinct from subsequent branching events and that the latter, secondary events are initiated in response to positive and negative regulators of branching as well as subject to control by cell growth. We propose a model of how trichome cell morphogenesis is regulated during normal development.

scholarly journals A synthetic lethal screen identifies SLK1, a novel protein kinase homolog implicated in yeast cell morphogenesis and cell growth.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1162-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Costigan ◽  
S Gehrung ◽  
M Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Extra Copy ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Regulatory Link

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPA2 protein localizes at sites involved in polarized cell growth in budding cells and mating cells. spa2 mutants have defects in projection formation during mating but are healthy during vegetative growth. A synthetic lethal screen was devised to identify mutants that require the SPA2 gene for vegetative growth. One mutant, called slk-1 (for synthetic lethal kinase), has been characterized extensively. The SLK1 gene has been cloned, and sequence analysis predicts that the SLK1 protein is 1,478 amino acid residues in length. Approximately 300 amino acids at the carboxy terminus exhibit sequence similarity with the catalytic domains of protein kinases. Disruption mutations have been constructed in the SLK1 gene. slk1 null mutants cannot grow at 37 degrees C, but many cells can grow at 30, 24, and 17 degrees C. Dead slk1 mutant cells usually have aberrant cell morphologies, and many cells are very small, approximately one-half the diameter of wild-type cells. Surviving slk1 cells also exhibit morphogenic defects; these cells are impaired in their ability to form projections upon exposure to mating pheromones. During vegetative growth, a higher fraction of slk1 cells are unbudded compared with wild-type cells, and under nutrient limiting conditions, slk1 cells exhibit defects in cell cycle arrest. The different slk1 mutant defects are partially rescued by an extra copy of the SSD1/SRK1 gene. SSD1/SRK1 has been independently isolated as a suppressor of mutations in genes involved in growth control, sit4, pde2, bcy1, and ins1 (A. Sutton, D. Immanuel, and K.T. Arnat, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2133-2148, 1991; R.B. Wilson, A.A. Brenner, T.B. White, M.J. Engler, J.P. Gaughran, and K. Tatchell, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3369-3373, 1991). These data suggest that SLK1 plays a role in both cell morphogenesis and the control of cell growth. We speculate that SLK1 may be a regulatory link for these two cellular processes.

scholarly journals Membrane association and functional regulation of Sec3 by phospholipids and Cdc42

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Kelly Orlando ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Fengong Xi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Membrane Association ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Guanosine Triphosphate ◽  
Polarized Cell Growth ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Functional Regulation ◽  
Key Residues

The exocyst is an octameric protein complex implicated in tethering post-Golgi secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane in preparation for fusion. However, it is not clear how the exocyst is targeted to and physically associates with specific domains of the plasma membrane and how its functions are regulated at those regions. We demonstrate that the N terminus of the exocyst component Sec3 directly interacts with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. In addition, we have identified key residues in Sec3 that are critical for its binding to the guanosine triphosphate–bound form of Cdc42. Genetic analyses indicate that the dual interactions of Sec3 with phospholipids and Cdc42 control its function in yeast cells. Disrupting these interactions not only blocks exocytosis and affects exocyst polarization but also leads to defects in cell morphogenesis. We propose that the interactions of Sec3 with phospholipids and Cdc42 play important roles in exocytosis and polarized cell growth.

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