scholarly journals Alteration of Cell-Wall Water Content and Elasticity in Douglas-Fir during Periods of Water Deficit

1987 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
Joe B. Zaerr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Douglas Fir

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

An early transient water deficit reduces flower number and pod production but increases seed size in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fang ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
F.-M. Li ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Seed Growth

Terminal drought is known to decrease flower production, increase flower and pod abortion, and decrease yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but the effects of early-season drought have not been evaluated. The influence of an early transient water deficit on flower and pod production and abortion, and seed yield and its components was evaluated in two chickpea cultivars, Rupali, a desi type, and Almaz, a kabuli type. Thirty-six-day-old plants were subjected to: (i) a transient water deficit by withholding water for 35 days, and then rewatered (WS), and (ii) kept well watered (WW) throughout. In the WS treatment the soil water content, leaf relative water content and leaf photosynthetic rate decreased after water was withheld and, following rewatering, recovered to the WW level. Despite the WS treatment being imposed at different phenological stages in the two cultivars, WS reduced flower number per plant by ~50% in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, compared with the WW plants. In WW plants, ~15% of flowers aborted in both cultivars, and 42 and 67% of the pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, whereas in WS plants, 18 and 23% of flowers aborted and 27 and 67% of pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively. While seed growth in WS plants of Rupali and Almaz occurred primarily after the plants were rewatered, the duration of seed growth decreased by 17 and 36 days, the maximum rate of seed filling increased by 3 times and 5 times, and seed size increased by 26 and 16%, respectively, compared with the WW plants. Seed yield per plant in WS plants decreased by 31% in Rupali and 38% in Almaz compared with the WW controls. The early transient water deficit decreased flower production, but improved flower and pod development; increased the rate of seed growth and increased final seed size; and had a smaller effect on seed yield compared with chickpea subjected to terminal drought.

The Effect of Dry Pegging Zone Soil on Pod Formation of Florunner Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sexton ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Development

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fruit growth is sensitive to surface soil (0-5 cm) conditions due to its subterranean fruiting habit. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil water content in the pegging zone (0-5 cm) on peanut pod growth rate and development. A pegging-pan-root-tube apparatus was used to separately control soil water content in the pegging and root zone for greenhouse trials. A field study also was conducted using portable rainout shelters to create a soil water deficit. Pod phenology, pod and seed growth rates, and final pod and seed dry weights were determined. In greenhouse studies, dry pegging zone soil delayed pod and seed development. In the field, soil water deficits in the pegging and root zone decreased pod and seed growth rates by approximately 30% and decreased weight per seed from 563 to 428 mg. Pegs initiating growth during drought stress demonstrated an ability to suspend development during the period of soil water deficit and to re-initiate pod development after the drought stress was relieved.

The effect of water deficit on some physiological indices of Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Thin Pham Thi Thanh ◽  
Bang Cao Phi ◽  
Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Khuynh Bui The ◽  
Mai Nguyen Phuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Lactuca Indica ◽  
Wilting Rate

Indian Lettuce (Lactuca indica L.) is a valuable medicinal herb but there are still no many researches about this plant. In this work, the physiological responses of Indian lettuce plants under water deficit conditions (5, 8, and 11 days of water stress) were investigated. The Indian lettuce wilted after 5 days of water stress (66.66%), the wilting rate increased after 8 (93.33%) and 11 days (100%) of water stress. The longer duration of water deficit stress caused the slower recovery of plants after rewatering. The water deficit stress caused a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence, non-associated water content as well as flower formation of Indian lettuce. But the water deficit stress increases the associated water content and the flowering time of this plant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought resistance of primocane raspberry on some parameters of water metabolism in the conditions of Bryansk region

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
I. V. Alexeenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Great Yield ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Intensive Growth

The results of comparative study of productivity and some parameters of water metabolism of primocane raspberry varieties in the conditions of Bryansk region are presented. The purpose of the work was to evaluate drought-resistance of original varieties and select on her basis the most valuable genotypes. There were studied 8 primocane raspberry varieties: Bryanskoe divo, Karamelka, Podarok Kashinu, Snezhet, Pingvin, Poklon Kazakovu, Oranzhevoe chudo and Rubinovoe ozherelye. In laboratory conditions, an evaluation was made of the total water content, water deficit, and water holding capacity of the leaves during critical periods of plant water availability. It was established that the greatest amount of water in the leaves (65.63 %) is contained in the phenophase “intensive growth”; less-in the phenophase “budding” (60.73 %), even lower water content – in the phenophase “fruiting” (58.02 %).The water deficit decreased on vegetation phases, but at the same time he was on average level (11,42-16.68 %). The leaves of raspberry varieties Podarok Kashinu and Poklon Kazakovu marked a low level of water deficiency in the phenophase “fruiting” (9.2-9.8 %). The water-holding ability increased on vegetation phases. Among the studied assortment, the leaves of the varieties Poklon Kazakovu and Podarok Kashinu relatively slowly lost water after 4 hours of wilting (water loss 19.35-26.86 %). The yield data of raspberry varieties in drought conditions are presented. The varieties Poklon Kazakovu and Podarok Kashinu have been characterized by a relatively great yield. On the basis of the study of productivity and water metabolism parameters, relatively drought-resistant primocane raspberry varieties were identified: Poklon Kazakovu and Podarok Kashinu.

scholarly journals Indicators of the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the South Ural

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Svetlana Galimullovna Denisova ◽  
Antonina Anatolyevna Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is of great importance to determine how favorable the water balance of the studied species is under given environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to study the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Southern Ural. The study was conducted in 20182020 on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were 23 varieties of Chrysanthemum hortorum Bailey. In the course of the research, the total water content, water-holding capacity, the content of mobile moisture, water deficit, and sublethal water deficit were determined. The analysis of water regime indicators is based on the method of artificial wilting (V.N. Tarenkov, L.N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V.P. Moiseev, N.P. Reshetsky). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T.K. Goryshina, L.I. Samsonova, modified by N.I. Bobrovskaya. The calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13 program. The studies made it possible to determine the value of the sublethal water deficit (28,4%) for the varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Bashkir Ural. It was found that the studied varieties during the growing season did not experience such a moisture deficit in the tissues that could lead to irreversible damage to the assimilating organs. Our experiments showed that chrysanthemum varieties in the Bashkir Cis-Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content 70,090,4% and water-holding capacity 19,0064,6%. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between water-holding capacity and the content of mobile moisture by varieties, the share of influence was 27,8531,71%. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, the authors revealed a direct dependence of the indicators of mobile moisture content on the total water content, and an inverse one on the indicators of the content of mobile moisture and water-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Remotely Sensed Water Limitation in Vegetation: Insights from an Experiment with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Easterday ◽  
Chippie Kislik ◽  
Tod E. Dawson ◽  
Sean Hogan ◽  
Maggi Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Relationship

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral sensors present an opportunity to monitor vegetation with on-demand high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we use multispectral imagery from quadcopter UAVs to monitor the progression of a water manipulation experiment on a common shrub, Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush), at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve (BORR) near San Jose, California. We recorded multispectral data from the plants at several altitudes with nearly hourly intervals to explore the relationship between two common spectral indices, NDVI and NDRE, and plant water content and water potential, as physiological metrics of plant water status, across a gradient of water deficit. An examination of the spatial and temporal thresholds at which water limitations were most detectable revealed that the best separation between levels of water deficit were at higher resolution (lower flying height), and in the morning (NDVI) and early morning (NDRE). We found that both measures were able to identify moisture deficit in plants and distinguish them from control and watered plants; however, NDVI was better able to distinguish between treatments than NDRE and was more positively correlated with field measurements of plant water content than NDRE. Finally, we explored how relationships between spectral indices and water status changed when the imagery was scaled to courser resolutions provided by satellite-based imagery (PlanetScope) and found that PlanetScope data was able to capture the overall trend in treatments but was not able to capture subtle changes in water content. These kinds of experiments that evaluate the relationship between direct field measurements and UAV camera sensitivity are needed to enable translation of field-based physiology measurements to landscape or regional scales.

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