scholarly journals K-Nutrition, Growth Bud Formation, and Amine and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide Contents in Leaf Explants of Nicotiana tabacum Variety Xanthi n.c. Cultivated in Vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Klinguer ◽  
Josette Martin-Tanguy ◽  
Claude Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Bud Formation

Inducible expression by plant hormones of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase gene from Nicotiana tabacum during early flower bud formation in vitro

Plant Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Tanaka ◽  
Chikara Masuta ◽  
Jiro Kataoka ◽  
Shigeru Kuwata ◽  
Akira Koiwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Early Flower

scholarly journals Clovamide, a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide, Is a Resistance Factor Against Phytophthora spp. in Theobroma cacao

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Knollenberg ◽  
Guo-Xing Li ◽  
Joshua D. Lambert ◽  
Siela N. Maximova ◽  
Mark J. Guiltinan
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
College Selection ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

The hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are a diverse group of plant-specialized phenylpropanoid metabolites distributed widely in the plant kingdom and are known to be involved in tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. The HCAA clovamide is reported in a small number of distantly related species. To explore the contribution of specialized metabolites to disease resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao L., chocolate tree), we performed untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared the basal metabolite profiles in leaves of two cacao genotypes with contrasting levels of susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Leaves of the tolerant genotype ‘Scavina 6’ (‘Sca6’) were found to accumulate dramatically higher levels of clovamide and several other HCAAs compared to the susceptible ‘Imperial College Selection 1’ (‘ICS1’). Clovamide was the most abundant metabolite in ‘Sca6’ leaf extracts based on MS signal, and was up to 58-fold higher in ‘Sca6’ than in ‘ICS1’. In vitro assays demonstrated that clovamide inhibits growth of three pathogens of cacao in the genus Phytophthora, is a substrate for cacao polyphenol oxidase, and is a contributor to enzymatic browning. Furthermore, clovamide inhibited proteinase and pectinase in vitro, activities associated with defense in plant-pathogen interactions. Fruit epidermal peels from both genotypes contained substantial amounts of clovamide, but two sulfated HCAAs were present at high abundance exclusively in ‘Sca6’ suggesting a potential functional role of these compounds. The potential to breed cacao with increased HCAAs for improved agricultural performance is discussed.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Lachenalia Species from Leaf Explants

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephina G. Niederwieser ◽  
Bela M. Vcelar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Specific Amount

The physiological stage of donor plants determined to a great extent the morphogenic potential of Lachersalia (Jacq.) hybrid leaves, but the optimal stage for various cultivars was different. Contact of the bud-forming adaxial epidermal cells with the medium did not significantly stimulate in vitro bud formation on Lachenalia leaf explants, but resulted in the formation of callus from the buds of certain hybrids. Wounding on either the adaxial or the abaxial side of leaves had a stimulating effect on certain hybrids, but others did not respond significantly. A reduction in the length of explants from 10 to 3.3 mm resulted in an increase in the total number of buds formed by a specific amount of explant tissue (width of explant = 15 mm).

scholarly journals Effects of Type of Explant and Dark Preconditioning on Bud Formation in Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Mitsukuri ◽  
Takaya Arita ◽  
Masahumi Johkan ◽  
Satoshi Yamasaki ◽  
Kei-ichiro Mishiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Half Strength

Habenaria radiata is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful bird-shaped petals. The wild H. radiata population has been severely affected by environmental disruption and overexploitation. In micropropagation of H. radiata, although aseptic germination has been studied, tissue culture methods have not yet been established. Shoot apexes and leaf explants from vegetative plants and flower stalks, stolons, and floret explants from reproductive plants were chosen for this study. Explants were cultured on half-strength inorganic salts and full-strength vitamins of Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium containing 30 g·L−1 sucrose, 8 g·L−1 agar (pH 5.6) supplemented with 4.44 μM N6-benzyladenine, and 0.54 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. After 8 weeks of culture, the highest survival rate was obtained with floret explants excised from plants at the reproductive phase. In floret culture, the number of adventitious bud formation per explant was 5.4 per upper floret and 4.0 per lower floret. Dark preconditioning, which inhibited browning and contamination, of explants before shoot apex culture increased survival rates of explants (53%) and bud formation (83%). Consequently, a tissue culture method using florets and shoot apexes as explant material was established for H. radiata.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE REGENERATION OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120G-1120
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
C. T. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Differentiation ◽  
Whole Plants

Several growth hormone combinations and silver nitrate concentrations were examined for their effect on regeneration of different pepper genotypes. Primary leaf explants from in vitro seedlings were cultured on a revised Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxin, cytokinin and 1.6% glucose. Combinations of different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0-5 mg/l, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0-5 mg/l, were tested to determine the most effective medium for shoot primordium formation. Experiments with IAA and BAP did not result in a specific growth hormone combination appropriate for regeneration of all genotypes tested. Of the silver nitrate concentrations tested, 10 mg/l resulted in the best shoot and leaf differentiation and reduced callus formation. Differences in organogenic response of individual genotypes were evaluated on a single regeneration medium. Whole plants were regenerated from 11 of 63 genotypes examined. Based on these experiments, a reproducible regeneration system for pepper was developed with a total of 500 plants regenerated to date.

Utilization of Different Seedling Explants for in Vitro Propagation of Hibiscus syriacus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478e-479
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
A.J. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

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