scholarly journals ATP Production by Respiration and Fermentation, and Energy Charge during Aerobiosis and Anaerobiosis in Twelve Fatty and Starchy Germinating Seeds

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Raymond ◽  
Ali Al-Ani ◽  
Alain Pradet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Impaired Energy Metabolism in Platelets from Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrie J M Verhoeven ◽  
Irene E A van Oostrum ◽  
Hans van Haarlem ◽  
Jan-Willem N Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Function Defect ◽  
Impaired Energy Metabolism

SummaryThe platelet function defect seen in patients with Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome (WAS) has been ascribed to abnormal mitochondrial energy generation. The present study reveals a reduced energy content and low adenylate energy charge in platelets from two WAS-patients. Energy consumption in the resting platelets is slightly beyond the normal range, especially when ATP-resynthesis is primarily glycolytic. When platelets are stimulated with thrombin, the increase in energy consumption is 40-60% lower than in controls, both when energy is produced in glycolysis as when the mitochondria supply most of the energy. Analysis of the electron transport chain reveals no abnormalities. In contrast, the balance between glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP resynthesis is disturbed with a lowered contribution of oxidative ATP production. No such abnormalities are found in two WAS-carriers with the exception of a slight impairment in energy consumption during stimulation with thrombin. Thus, the platelet malfunction in WAS may be caused by a defect in the regulation of energy generation.

scholarly journals Cellular acidosis triggers human MondoA transcriptional activity by driving mitochondrial ATP production

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake R Wilde ◽  
Zhizhou Ye ◽  
Tian-Yeh Lim ◽  
Donald E Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
Protective Gene

Human MondoA requires glucose as well as other modulatory signals to function in transcription. One such signal is acidosis, which increases MondoA activity and also drives a protective gene signature in breast cancer. How low pH controls MondoA transcriptional activity is unknown. We found that low pH medium increases mitochondrial ATP (mtATP), which is subsequently exported from the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria-bound hexokinase transfers a phosphate from mtATP to cytoplasmic glucose to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is an established MondoA activator. The outer mitochondrial membrane localization of MondoA suggests that it is positioned to coordinate the adaptive transcriptional response to a cell’s most abundant energy sources, cytoplasmic glucose and mtATP. In response to acidosis, MondoA shows preferential binding to just two targets, TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4. Because these transcriptional targets are suppressors of glucose uptake, we propose that MondoA is critical for restoring metabolic homeostasis in response to high energy charge.

Effects of Antimycin A and 2-Deoxyglucose on Energy Metabolism in Washed Human Platelets

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1460-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holm Holmsen ◽  
Linda M Robkin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Antimycin A ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Major Mechanism

Summary(1) Human platelets were incubated with [14C]adenine in plasma, washed and resuspended in salt solutions. The effects of incubating the cells with antimycin A and 2- deoxyglucose on the radioactivity of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and inosine + hypoxanthine, the total level of ADP and ATP and lactate production were studied. The metabolic inhibitors only affected the cytoplasmic, [14C]-labelled nucleotides, and were apparently without effect on the granular, non-labelled ATP and ADP. (2) Antimycin A caused a rapid, shortlasting decrease in [14C]ATP which was independent on glucose and enhanced by 2- deoxyglucose. Lactate production increased about 3-fold with and without 2-deoxyglucose. The initial fall in [14C]ATP was therefore thought to be due to a failure to immediately substitute for the lost oxidative ATP production. (3) After the initial fall in [14C]ATP no changes took place when glucose was present, while [14C]ATP and the adenylate energy charge decreased when glucose was absent and more so when 2-deoxyglucose was present. Thus, glycogenolysis, corresponding to an ATP turnover of 29.8 nmoles × min-1 × mg-1 protein did not maintain ATP homeostasis in platelets. (4) The changes in [14C]ATP, adenylate energy charge and lactate production under the various conditions strongly suggested that regulation of ATP consumption in the cells was a major mechanism to maintain ATP homeostasis. (5) The changes in the [14C]nucleotides in washed platelets were qualitatively similar to those previously described in platelet-rich plasma (Holmsen et al. 1974); quantitative differences were apparent and found to be due to binding of antimycin A to plasma proteins and counteraction of the effects of 2-deoxyglucose by plasma glucose. In particular, the rapid, initial fall in [14C]ATP occurred only with washed cells and clearly demonstrated a conversion of ATP to hypoxanthine ADP, AMP, IMP and inosine. (6) The cellular AMP deaminase reaction was found not to be related by the adenylate energy charge, in contrast to studies with semipurified enzyme (Chapman & Atkinson 1973). Our results suggested that AMP deamination occurred when [AMP] rose from its resting value of 0.07 mM and was inhibited when [ATP] fell below 2 mM within the cell.

A Comparison of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Mantle and Tentacle Muscle of the Blue-Ringed Octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa, During Swimming

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baldwin ◽  
WR England
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Octopine Dehydrogenase

The blue-ringed octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa uses both the mantle and tentacles for swimming. Activities of octopine dehydrogenase. lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in mantle and tentacle muscles indicate that both tissues depend on anaerobic glycolysis during swimming. with octopine rather than lactate accumulating as an end product. Following swimming. both mantle and tentacles show a decrease in arginine phosphate, an increase in octopine. and a fall in energy charge. On the basis of ATP equivalents per grain of muscle obtained from arginine phosphate and anaerobic glycolysis, the two tissues are similar, but when the relative muscle weights are taken into account ATP production is at least 10-fold greater in the tentacles than in the mantle.

Substrates for endogenous metabolism by mature boar spermatozoa

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Jones ◽  
WA Bubb
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glycolytic Pathway ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Charge Potential ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Washed boar spermatozoa incubated in the absence of exogenous substrates maintained a high energy charge potential (ECP) for at least 10 h. Addition of bromopyruvate, an inhibitor of stage 2 of the glycolytic pathway, at any time during the incubation caused an immediate decrease in the ECP, indicating that the mobilization of endogenous compounds requires this section of the pathway for the production of lactate, the major mitochondrial substrate for ATP production. Some of the sources of the metabolic substrates have been identified, by NMR and metabolic studies, as di- or triglycerides, to produce glycerol, and membrane phospholipids for the production of glycerol 3-phosphate. Acetylcarnitine contributes acetyl groups early in the incubation; glycerylphosphorylcholine is degraded to glycerol 3-phosphate and choline after about 5 h, and acetate also accumulates after about 5 h. The presence of phosphorylcholine and phosphorylethanolamine later in the incubation indicates that phospholipids are also degraded to glycerol.

The mode of action of insecticidal controlled atmospheres

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mitcham ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
S. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

AbstractArthropods cope with reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres with a reduction in metabolic rate, also called metabolic arrest. The reduction in metabolism lessens the pressure on the organism to initiate anaerobic metabolism, but also leads to a reduction in ATP production. The natural permeability of cellular membranes appears to be important for the survival of the arthropod under low oxygen or high carbon dioxide atmospheres. Despite the similarities in response, arthropod mortality is generally greater in response to high carbon dioxide as apposed to low oxygen atmospheres. There appears to be a greater decrease in ATP and energy charge in arthropods exposed to high carbon dioxide as compared with low oxygen atmospheres, and this may be due to greater membrane permeability under carbon dioxide leading to an inefficient production of ATP. Reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres can have an additive effect in some cases, depending on the concentrations used. The effect of these atmospheres on arthropods depends also on temperature, species and life stage. Additional work is needed to fully understand the mode of action of controlled atmospheres on arthropod pests.

The Oral Intake of Organic Germanium, Ge-132, Elevates α-Tocopherol Levels in the Plas-ma and Modulates Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles to Promote Immune Activation in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0183-0195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Tomoya Takeda ◽  
Yoshihiko Tokuji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Transfer Protein

The common water-soluble organic germanium compound poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) exhibits activities related to immune responses and antioxidant induction. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative effect of dietary Ge-132 in the plasma of mice. Male ICR mice (seven mice per group) received an AIN-76 diet with 0.05 % Ge-132; three groups received the Ge-132-containing diet for 0, 1 or 4 days. The plasma alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) concentration increased from 6.85 to 9.60 μg/ml after 4 days of Ge-132 intake (p < 0.05). We evaluated the changes in hepatic gene expression related to antioxidative activity as well as in the entire expression profile after one day of Ge-132 intake, using DNA microarray technology. We identified 1,220 genes with altered expression levels greater than 1.5-fold (increased or decreased) as a result of Ge-132 intake, and α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression was increased 1.62-fold. Immune activation was identified as the category with the most changes (containing 60 Gene Ontology (GO) term biological processes (BPs), 41 genes) via functional clustering analysis of altered gene expression. Ge-132 affected genes in clusters related to ATP production (22 GO term BPs, 21 genes), lipid metabolism (4 GO term BPs, 38 genes) and apoptosis (5 GO term BPs). Many GO term BPs containing these categories were significantly affected by the Ge-132 intake. Oral Ge-132 intake may therefore have increased plasma α-tocopherol levels by up-regulating α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression.

Four cytosolic-type CuZn-superoxide dismutases in germinating seeds of Pinus sylvestris

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Streller ◽  
Stanislaw Karpinski ◽  
Jan-Erik Hallgren ◽  
Gunnar Wingsle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Germinating Seeds
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