scholarly journals Regulation of Respiration in the Leaves and Roots of Two Lolium perenne Populations with Contrasting Mature Leaf Respiration Rates and Crop Yields

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Day ◽  
Oene C. De Vos ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaves And Roots

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN DARK RESPIRATION OF MATURE LEAVES IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. WINZELER ◽  
D. E. McCULLOUGH ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Respiration Rates

Oxygen uptake of mature leaves was measured on a range of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes both indoors (four genotypes) and in the field (six genotypes). The relationship among mature leaf respiration, leaf size, specific leaf weight and leaf nutrient status was investigated. Correlations between leaf respiration and total plant dry weight as well as tiller number were calculated in the indoor study. Significant differences of 6–25% in mature leaf respiration rates were evident among winter wheat genotypes in the indoor as well as in the field study. Leaf position as well as environment had a marked influence on the order and magnitude of genotype effects on mature leaf respiration rates. Leaf respiration was not related to specific leaf weight, leaf nitrogen, or phosphorus content, but was negatively related to leaf size. Leaf respiration was not related to total dry weight and tiller number of single plants grown indoors.Key words: Respiration, genotypic differences, wheat (winter), Triticum aestivum L.

scholarly journals Phloem mobility of Boron in two eucalypt clones

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽  
Hugo Alberto Ruiz ◽  
Ivo Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Souza Sarkis ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
B Mobility

Boron deficiency causes large productivity losses in eucalypt stands in extensive areas of the Brazilian Cerrado region, thus understanding B mobility is a key step in selecting genetic materials that will better withstand B limitation. Thus, in this study B mobility was evaluated in two eucalypt clones (68 and 129), under B sufficiency or B deficiency, after foliar application of the 10B isotope tracer to a single mature leaf. Samples of young tissue, mature leaves and roots were collected 0, 1, 5, 12 and 17 days after 10B application. The 10B:11B isotope ratio was determined by HR-ICP-MS. Samples of leaves and xylem sap were collected for the determination of soluble sugars and polyalcohols by ion chromatography. Boron was translocated within eucalypt. Translocation of foliar-applied 10B to the young tissues, mature leaves and roots was higher in clone 129 than in 68. Seventeen days after 10B application to a single mature leaf, between 14 and 18 % of B in the young tissue was originated from foliar B application. In plants with adequate B supply the element was not translocated out of the labeled leaf.

No difference in leaf respiration rates among temperate, subarctic, and arctic species grown under controlled conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Plant Groups

To test the theory that leaf respiration rates are inherently higher in arctic species compared with temperate species, a total of 35 species from temperate, subarctic, and arctic locations were grown under controlled conditions and leaf respiration rates were measured. Regardless of growth temperature (either 10 or 20 °C), leaf respiration rates measured at the growth temperature were independent of a species' geographic origin. In addition, salicylhydroxamic acid inhibited the alternative oxidase equally in all groups of species. Acclimation of leaf respiration to temperature was observed in all three geographic plant groups, i.e., leaf respiration rates of 20 °C-grown plants were not significantly different than rates of 10 °C-grown plants when respiration was measured at the growth temperature. These results suggest that arctic species do not have inherently high leaf respiration rates, higher alternative pathway respiration, or greater temperature acclimation ability compared with temperate species. Keywords: alternative pathway respiration, arctic, leaf respiration, subarctic, temperate, temperature.

scholarly journals Analysing the spatio-temporal impacts of the 2003 and 2010 extreme heatwaves on plant productivity in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3421-3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bastos ◽  
C. M. Gouveia ◽  
R. M. Trigo ◽  
S. W. Running
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Climatic Event ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Very High

Abstract. In the last decade, Europe has been stricken by two outstanding heatwaves, the 2003 event in western Europe and the 2010 episode over Russia. Both events were characterized by record-breaking temperatures and widespread socio-economic impacts, including significant increments on human mortality, decreases in crop yields and in hydroelectric production. Previous works have shown that an extreme climatic event does not always imply an extreme response by ecosystems. This work attempts to assess how extreme was the vegetation response to the heatwaves during 2003 and 2010 in Europe, in order to quantify the impacts of the two events on carbon fluxes in plant productivity and to identify the physical drivers of the observed response. Heatwave impacts in vegetation productivity were analysed using MODIS products from 2000 to 2011. Both 2003 and 2010 events led to marked decreases in plant productivity, well below the climatological range of variability, with carbon uptake by vegetation during August reaching negative anomalies of more than 2 standard deviations, although the 2010 event affected a much larger extent. A differentiated response in autotrophic respiration was observed, depending on land-cover types, with forests increasing respiration rates in response to the heatwaves, while in crops respiration rates decreased. The widespread decrease in carbon uptake matched the regions where very high temperature values were also preceded by a long period of below-average precipitation, leading to strong soil moisture deficits. In the case of the 2003 heatwave, results indicate that moisture deficits coupled with high temperatures drove the extreme response of vegetation, while for the 2010 event very high temperatures appear to be the sole driver of very low productivity.

Response of Soybeans (Glycine max) and Four Broadleaf Weeds to Reduced Irradiance

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Stoller ◽  
Randy A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Growth Irradiance ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

Experiments were conducted to determine adaptation characteristics to reduced irradiance of velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, eastern black nightshade, tumble pigweed, and soybean. Plants were grown to the 5- to 8-leaf stage in the greenhouse at ambient radiation (850 μE·m–2·s–1), and 26 and 13% of ambient radiation. Tumble pigweed, a C4plant, had the highest light-saturated photosynthetic rates at all growth irradiances, while common lambsquarters had the highest rates of the four C3species. All species adjusted to reduced irradiance by decreasing light-saturated photosynthesis, leaf respiration rates, root:shoot ratios, and leaf densities, while increasing leaf area ratios (LAR)3. As growth irradiance was reduced, support tissues (roots, stems, and petioles):leaf ratios did not change for common lambsquarters or velvetleaf, increased for soybean, and decreased for eastern black nightshade and tumble pigweed, indicating superior adaptation of the latter two species for efficient light harvesting at reduced growth irradiances. Of these five species, eastern black nightshade had the lowest respiration rate, the highest LAR, and the lowest support:leaf ratio for optimum adaptation to shaded environments.

Metabolism and translocation of nitrogen in twoLolium perennepopulations with contrasting rates of mature leaf respiration and yield

1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilio J. Barneix ◽  
H. David Cooper ◽  
Ineke Stulen ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Leaf Respiration
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