scholarly journals The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid on the Transport of Indoleacetic Acid

1956 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

scholarly journals Reversion of Senescence: Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Indoleacetic Acid on Respiration, Ethylene Production, and Ripening of Banana Fruit Slices

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Slices cut from green, unripe fruit were treated by infiltration with aqueous solutions of 2,4�dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4�D) and indoleacetic acid (lAA). 2,4.D delayed but increased the size of those peaks in respiration and ethylene production which are induced by cutting; ripening was also delayed. These effects were proportional to concentrations of 2,4.D in the range 1O-LlO-3M. Higher concentrations caused injury.

scholarly journals Sulphur Analogues of Indoleacetic Acid: Synthesis and Biological Activity of some Thionaphthenacetic Acids

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Kefford ◽  
Judith M Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Protoplasmic Streaming ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acids

The thionaphthen�2�, �3-, -5-, -6�, and -7-acetic acids have been synthesized from the chlorides of the corresponding carboxylic acids by the Arndt-Eistert reaction and their plant growth-regulating activities, as indicated by their effects upon protoplasmic streaming, have been compared with those of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4�D). The thionaphthen-3- and -7- acetic acids and IAA have similar effects upon protoplasmic streaming, while the effects of the thionaphthen-2-, -5-, and �6-acetic acids differ from those of IAA and resemble in part those of 2, 4-D.

scholarly journals Comparing the effects of different exogenous hormone combinations on seed-derived callus induction in Nicotiana tabacum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Lang ◽  
Jędrzej Pankowski ◽  
Piotr Grabarz ◽  
Bartosz Pluciński ◽  
Paweł Jedynak
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Hormone ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Fluorescence Of Chlorophyll A ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus from Nicotiana tabacum is used as a model in plant developmental research. We tested several phytohormone (Indoleacetic acid – IAA; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid – 2,4-D; kinetin – KIN; 6-Benzylaminopurine – BAP) combinations to compare different approaches to callus induction directly from the seeds of Nicotiana tabacum. Callus formation was observed up to 4 weeks after sowing and the most effective were 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D with 0.25 mg/L of BAP and 2 mg/L 2,4-D with 1 mg/L of BAP. The calli were green, photosynthetically active and after 6 weeks of growth, no stress symptoms (estimated on the basis of fluorescence of chlorophyll a in photosystem II) were noticed.

scholarly journals 116 Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Cowpeas

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461D-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Four cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp] genotypes; IT 82E-18, IT 82E-16, Pinkeye Purple Hull, and Coronet were tested for somatic embryo formation and embryogenesis. Explants were 3-week-old cotyledons from which the embryonic axes were removed. Cotyledons were cultured in eight media combinations representing modifications of two media, one containing Murashige and Skoog Basal salt with B5 vitamins (MSB), 500 mg/L casein-hydrolysate (CS), 500 mg/L sodium chloride, 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar, 2mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L benzylamino purine, and the other containing (MSB), 3% sucrose, 40 mg/L 2-4-D and 0.2% gellan gum. After 1 month, 40% to 100% of explants produced calli and few produced shoots. Subcultured shoots in MS with 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or with IBA and 0.5mg/L kinetin (KT) failed to produced roots. The only green cotyledonary stage embryo was produced on this latter medium. Subculture of calli in MSB containing CS, mannitol, sucrose, agar, indoleacetic acid, and KT produced cream-colored globular embryos, roots, and a few leaves.

Hormonal control of ear abortion in a stress-sensitive maize (Zea mays) inbred

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lejeune ◽  
Els Prinsen ◽  
Henry Van Onckelen ◽  
Georges Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Apical Shoot ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Sterile Leaf ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A cold-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) inbred was used as a model for investigating the interactions between growth regulators, reproductive development, and environmental stress. In this genotype, a chilling treatment given just before floral transition caused the topmost ear to abort and be replaced at maturity by a sterile, leaf-like, structure. Exogenous applications of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or of the cytokinin benzyladenine respectively mimicked or prevented the abortive response caused by chilling. Chilling also induced a moderate decrease in the content of endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the apical shoot tissues. By contrast, zeatin-type cytokinins decreased dramatically (5–8 fold), both in the apical shoot tissues and in the xylem exudate of chilled plants. Overall, the ratio of free-IAA to zeatin-cytokinins was increased in the apical shoot of chilled plants. Our results suggest that: (1) ear abortion induced by chilling might be related to an altered cytokinin content; (2) the number of developing ears may be limited by the endogenous levels of cytokinins just before floral transition; and (3) cytokinins may have a potential for increasing yield in maize.

UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF INDOLEACETIC ACID, NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID, AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BY PEA ROOT SEGMENTS IN RELATION TO GROWTH INHIBITION DURING AND AFTER AUXIN APPLICATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Andreae
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
A Site

Growth inhibition by applied indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied using change in fresh weight of pea root segments as the criterion of growth. Auxin metabolism of these tissues was investigated with 14C-labeled auxins applied under conditions similar to those used in the growth studies.Growth inhibition by applied auxins is independent of the rate of auxin uptake, accumulation of auxin or auxin metabolites in the tissues, or the subsequent loss of accumulated auxin from the tissues. It is also independent of the metabolic processes leading either to auxin conjugation with aspartic acid or to decarboxylation. All three auxins inhibit growth to a similar degree, which depends only on the concentration of auxin applied and the pH of the solution. Inhibition persists undiminished as long as the auxin is applied. It is suggested that growth inhibition by applied auxin occurs at a site external to the cytoplasm, i.e. the cell wall or the cytoplasmic membrane.Growth inhibition of tissues after auxin treatment has ceased is not due to the auxin remaining in the tissues but rather to the auxin released from the tissues to the solution to which they have been transferred. Untreated tissues incubated in the same transfer solution with treated tissues are equally inhibited. The persistence of growth inhibition after treatment depends upon the ability of the tissues to convert accumulated auxins to physiologically inactive metabolites. Conjugation with aspartic acid accounts for the inactivation of all the accumulated NAA metabolized and the major part of the IAA. IAA decarboxylation under these conditions plays a lesser role. Growth recovery following treatment with IAA or NAA occurs as these auxins are metabolized. 2,4-D is not metabolized to any appreciable extent during these studies, and tissues remain inhibited to a degree consistent with the concentration of 2,4-D in the transfer solution.

Wechselwirkung pflanzlicher Wachstumshormone mit Membranen

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Weigl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Phenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Permeability ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A strong physical association of indoleacetic acid. 2.4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, indolepropionic acid and indolebutyric acid with lecithin was found which might have physiological significance (regulation, polar mobility). The association is assumed to be mainly due to bonding between the complementary charged groups of the phospholipid and auxin molecules and to specific interaction of the more hydrophobic parts of the molecules.The following interactions were established:Lecithin dissolved in CCl4 moves indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid out of an aqueous phase. Cholesterol, long chain fatty acids and amines did not give this interaction with indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 4, 5.1 mole lecithin was found to bind up to 0.8 mole indoleacetic acid. Cephalin and phosphatidylserin exhibit a weaker interaction. Indolepropionic acid and indolebutyric acid were found to compete with indoleacetic acid. There was no effective competition of benzoic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, cholesterol and several fatty aids with indoleacetic acid for the binding sites on the lecithin molecule. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid appears to be bound stronger than indoleacetic acid and phenoxyacetic acid. Indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyaetic acid were incorporated into swollen lecithin lamellae.Similar interactions are to be expected for other hormones and phospholipids. The lipoprotein structures of cell membranes may be visualized to interact even more specificly with growth hormones than our model system. It is suggested that interaction of hormones with membranes should be considered in theories on regulation. Experiments on ion permeability indicate an influence of indoleacetic acid on cell membranes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Internal Distribution of Exogenous Auxins and Accelerated Ripening of Banana Fruit

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Accelerated Ripening ◽  
Internal Distribution ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Bananas were dipped in aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or indoleacetic acid (IAA) at concentrations ranging from 10-5 to 10-2M. Auxin, in proportion to its concentration, stimulated ethylene production; 10-2M and 1O-3M IAA and all 2,4-D concentrations advanced ripening relative to control fruit. 2,4-D at concentrations of 10-2M, 10-3M, and sometimes 10-4M stimulated the respiratory climacteric immediately after treatment, but ripening of the peel was delayed compared to the pulp.

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