scholarly journals Studies on the Chemistry of the Living Bark of the Black Locust in Relation to Its Frost Hardiness. VII. A Possible Direct Effect of Starch on the Susceptibility of Plants to Freezing Injury.

1954 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Siminovitch ◽  
D. R. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Injury

THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF FROST INJURY AND RESISTANCE IN BLACK LOCUST, ALFALFA, AND WHEAT TISSUES BY DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OTHER NINHYDRIN-REACTING SUBSTANCES RELEASED AFTER THAWING

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Siminovitch ◽  
H. Therrien ◽  
F. Gfeller ◽  
B. Rheaume
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Ninhydrin Reaction

Amino acids and other soluble α-amino compounds are liberated into a leaching medium from tissues of black locust bark, alfalfa, and wheat that are frozen to temperatures which are injurious to the tissues. The amounts liberated increase with lowering in freezing temperature and are proportional to the loss in vital capacity of the tissue. Insignificant amounts of amino acids are released by leaching of non-frozen tissue while a maximum is reached at freezing temperatures which are completely lethal. The amino acids liberated from frozen and thawed tissues must originate from the destruction of living cells by the freezing process. The determination of the concentration of amino acids in the medium in which the plant tissues are leached after freezing can be used therefore as a quantitative method for the estimation of the injury sustained in the freezing.The use of the ninhydrin reaction for the purpose of this determination is described and its application to the estimation of freezing injury and resistance in a variety of hardy and non-hardy tissues of alfalfa, wheat, and black locust tree bark is shown. The extension of this procedure to the determination of injury produced by toxic and other detrimental agents is indicated.

Early summer frost hardiness in Picea abies seedlings in response to photoperiod treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2966-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Rostad ◽  
Aksel Granhus ◽  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
Svein Morgenlie
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Spring Frost

According to previous studies, short-day (SD) treatment may increase frost hardiness in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings during shoot elongation the next year. The purpose of this study was to examine how timing of the SD treatment affects spring frost hardiness. The following four treatments were applied in the first growth period: natural photoperiod (Nat), or SD treatment (8 h light : 16 h dark) either 14–28 July (SD1), 28 July – 11 August (SD2), or 11–20 August (SD3). After 125 days in cold storage (October–January), the seedlings were transferred to forcing conditions (20–25 °C, 24 h light) followed by freezing tests at –3, –5, –7, and –9 °C when most seedlings had reached bud break stage 7 (Krutzsch index). Seedling height measurements and analyses of carbohydrate status, nitrogen concentration, and dry mass of needles after cold storage were done to examine the treatments' impact on seedling quality. SD treatment reduced visual freezing injury to current- and first-year shoots. Mortality occurred at –7 and –9 °C and was significantly higher in the Nat and SD1 treatments (43% in both) than in the SD2 (23%) and SD3 (15%) treatments. Seedlings from the late SD treatments also showed better height growth and developed more shoots from dormant buds after freezing to –3 and –5 °C. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of proper timing of the SD treatment in relation to the seedlings' natural growth rhythm.

EVIDENCE FROM INCREASE IN RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN AUTUMN FOR INCREASE IN PROTOPLASM DURING THE FROST-HARDENING OF BLACK LOCUST BARK CELLS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Siminovitch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Frost Hardening ◽  
Development Of Resistance

The changes occurring in the ribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid of the living bark cells of the black locust tree in autumn have been followed in relation to the increases which take place at the same time in the water-soluble proteins, rate of incorporation of glycine into protein, and frost resistance.An increase in the ribonucleic acid without a change in the desoxyribonucleic acid has been shown to occur and to precede the period of maximal increase in rate of incorporation of glycine into protein, net synthesis of protein, and increase in freezing resistance.Because the increase in proteins is closely associated with the development of resistance to freezing injury in the bark, it is suggested that this transformation of the protein synthetic capacities of the bark, and the augmentation of protoplasmic substance which results from it, is part of the seasonal processes of adaptation of the tree to freezing. It is suggested that, in this process of adaptation, the function of the augmentation of the protoplasm is to so change the physical properties of the cell protoplasm as to enable it to withstand the effects of freezing.

Influence of moisture supply, temperature, and light on frost-hardiness changes in Douglas-fir seedlings

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van Den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Moisture Supply

Effects of moisture supply, temperature regime, and light on frost-hardiness changes in 2-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings were studied. Frost-hardiness was measured by an electrolytic method. Eight-hour light (3000 ft-c) periods caused increase in hardiness, compared with 16-hour light periods, when seedlings grew under a 12-hour day/night temperature regime of 13 °C/7.5 °C. Long days retarded development of hardiness, under otherwise natural conditions in autumn, but did not prevent plants becoming frost-hardy later. Moisture supply had no direct effect on hardiness, although low supply may have reduced response to photoperiod. Development of hardiness was dependent on night temperature when day and night temperatures were in the range 7.5°–24 °C, and lower night temperatures favored hardening. Loss of hardiness was not influenced by photoperiod.Seedlings did not harden in darkness at 2.5 °C over 9 weeks, but hardening occurred if low intensity light (40 or 100 ft-c) was provided. Continuous low-intensity light caused more hardening than 8-hour light periods, and 100 ft-c caused more hardening than 40 ft-c. An exception was that seedlings previously exposed to 16-hour high-intensity photoperiods showed some ability to harden in darkness.Factors important in development of frost-hardiness were day length, night temperature, and light. Only temperature affected loss of hardiness.

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