scholarly journals NITROGENOUS METABOLISM OF PYRUS MALUS L.: IV. THE EFFECT OF SODIUM NITRATE APPLICATIONS ON THE TOTAL NITROGEN AND ITS PARTITION PRODUCTS IN THE LEAVES, NEW AND ONE YEAR BRANCH GROWTH THROUGHOUT A YEAR'S CYCLE

1927 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Pyrus Malus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogenous Metabolism

scholarly journals Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species

Hoehnea ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
One Year

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.

scholarly journals Introduction of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) green manure in rotations of head salads and baby leaf crops under greenhouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Morra ◽  
Domenico Cerrato ◽  
Maurizio Bilotto ◽  
Salvatore Baiano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Balance ◽  
Soil Biomass ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

This paper deals with the introduction in tunnel-greenhouses of sweet sorghum cultivated in short, summer cycle as green manure with the aim to amend soils with biomass grown on farm. This practice has been spreading in tunnels of Sele river Valley (Salerno, Italy) where baby leaf crops are cultivated in numerous cycles (up to 5-7) per year. Three sorghum varieties for forage or biomass (Goliath, BMR 201 and BMR 333) were cultivated in two farms at Eboli and San Marzano sul Sarno with the aims to study their responses in term of fresh and dry aboveground biomass yielded, C and N content of the biomass incorporated in soil, C balance in amended soils after one year of ordinary cash crop sequences. No differences, with regard to all the parameters measured, were pointed out among the tested varieties in each site. The sorghum cycle lasted 45 days at Eboli, yielding on average 98 and 13 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 5.8 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of organic carbon and 273 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of total nitrogen. In the farm of San Marzano, sorghum cycle lasted 68 days, yielding 116 and 18 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 8 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of organic carbon and 372 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of total nitrogen. After one year, the plots amended with sorghum biomass showed a soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration not different from the starting point while SOC decreased in fallow plots. At Eboli, initial SOC content was 12.3 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, but one year later it resulted 12.3, 12.8, 12.2 and 11.3 g kg<sup>-1</sup> in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. At San Marzano initial SOC content was 11.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, but one year later it resulted 11, 12, 10.7 and 10.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. The annual C balance put in evidence that the green manure with sorghum biomass caused SOC losses higher than those detected in fallow plots let us supposing a prime effect in boosting the soil microbial C mineralization. Only cv BMR 333 in the Eboli trial, pointed out a positive SOC change of 1.8 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. Further studies are requested to better understand the real efficacy of sorghum cover crop in soil amendment under tunnels devoted to intensive vegetable crop sequence.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble carbohydrate contents of grass

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N

Italian rye-grass given ammonium sulphate or sodium nitrate at 56 or 112 lb. N/acre was analysed for total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen (non-protein-nitrogen) and soluble carbohydrates.Ten days after applying fertilizer the differences in total-N between the grass receiving 56 and grass receiving 112 lb. N/acre were very small. Total-N in grass decreased with growth, but the effect of the rate of nitrogen on total-N increased. At first the grass given sodium nitrate contained more soluble nitrogen than grass given ammonium sulphate, the difference being greater at 56 lb. N/acre; soluble nitrogen decreased with increasing growth. Ten days after applying fertilizer, the nitrate-N content of grass was very high (ranging from 0·1 to 0·9% in the D.M.) and it gradually decreased. At both levels of nitrogen application, grass given sodium nitrate contained much more nitrate-N than grass given ammonium sulphate. Forty days after applying nitrogen the nitrate-N contents of grass which received 56 and 112 1b. N/acre as ammonium sulphate were 0·039 and 0·222% of the dry matter, respectively; the grass supplied with sodium nitrate gave values of 0·082 and 0·438%.Total soluble carbohydrates in the grass were small early in growth and gradually increased. Nitrogen dressings had little effect on the content of soluble sugars (glucose + fructose + sucrose) but greatly decreased the fructosan. The pattern of changes in the total soluble carbohydrate content followed that in fructosan content. Early in growth, the total soluble carbohydrate/crude protein ratio was very small in grass from all treatments except the ‘control’. This ratio increased with growth and at the last sampling was 2·13 in grass receiving no nitrogen, and in grass supplied with 56 and 112 lb. N/acre as ammonium sulphate it was 1·44 and 0·72 respectively; the corresponding figures for grass receiving sodium nitrate were 1·13 and 0·66. The total soluble carbohydrate carbon/soluble nitrogen ratio in grass with no nitrogen was 18 at the first sampling and it increased gradually, reaching 70 at the last sampling. This ratio was considerably less with all nitrogen treatments than with ‘control’. The values obtained with 112 lb. N/acre were less than those obtained with 561b./acre, irrespective of the form of nitrogen used.The relationship between the soluble carbohydrate carbon content and the soluble nitrogen in grass is illustrated graphically and discussed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Application of Comprehensive Measures to Combat Erosion Using Irrigation in a Market Economy in Azerbaijan: on the Example of the Kur-Araks Plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Rains

Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. that the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of The Application of Comprehensive Measures To Combat Erosion Using Irrigation In A Market Economy In Azerbaijan (On The Example Of The Kur-Araks Plain)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Rains

Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. That the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm.

Detection of denitrification, by a 15N racer technique, of nitrogen released from azolla and blue-green algae in a flooded soil

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Denitrification of nitrogen from applied NH4+ and NO3-, and nitrogen released from Azolla caroliniana, Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum, was studied in a flooded soil. Denitrification did not occur in Azolla-, Anabaena-, Nostoc- or ammonium sulfate-treated soil, incubated at 18� to 25�C, until after 30 days since time was required to develop a surface-oxidized layer where nitrification could first take place. About 32, 45 and 49% of the total nitrogen in Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc was released as mineral-N in 60 days, with 96, 93 and 93% respectively of this being lost as N2. Thus potentially serious losses of nitrogen from Azolla and blue-green algae may be avoided if their incorporated residues in flooded soils are left no longer than 3 weeks before planting a rice crop. Denitrification started within 3 days of incubation in the sodium nitrate-treated soil. About 10 and 75% of the ISN applied as ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate, respectively, was lost as N, in 60 days. In addition, a substantial amount of 15N+4- N was formed from the applied 15NO-3-N (about 9% of the total amount added) in 60 days, indicating that a dissimilatory pathway also existed in this soil.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX MEASURES TO COMBAT IRRIGATION EROSION IN AZERBAIJAN IN A MARKET ECONOMY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KUR-ARAZ LOW LAND)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Aliyev Z.H.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Rains

The research in the article proves that the improvement of the structure increases the productivity. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover plantations this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation was revealed. This was confirmed by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% of humus and 0.112% of total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil of the biennial alfalfa was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. that the development of irrigation ero-sion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In intensive rains, the depth of the furrow under the clover is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm

scholarly journals Contributions to the biochemistry of growth.—The total nitrogen metabolism of rats bearing malignant new growths

1910 ◽  
Vol 82 (556) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nitrogenous Metabolism

The following experiments were carried out with the object (1) of studying the effect of a rapidly growing neoplasm on the metabolism of the normal animal which bears the tumour, with consideration also of the view that the new growth secretes, as has often been asserted, substances having a deleterious action on the tissues of the animal bearing the tumour; (2) of elucidating the processes determining the rapid proliferation of the cells of a malignant new growth, and the source of the nitrogenous material used by the tumour. In order to obtain facts throwing light on these questions, we have determined the nitrogenous metabolism in three rats before and after implantation of a rapidly proliferating malignant new growth. So far as we are aware, no such experiments have been made before.

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