scholarly journals Exploring the Hydraulic Failure Hypothesis of Esca Leaf Symptom Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bortolami ◽  
Gregory A. Gambetta ◽  
Sylvain Delzon ◽  
Laurent J. Lamarque ◽  
Jérôme Pouzoulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Leaf Symptom ◽  
Symptom Formation

Hydraulic segmentation does not protect stems from acute water loss during fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Hoffmann ◽  
Amanda C Rodrigues ◽  
Nicholas Uncles ◽  
Lorenzo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transport Path ◽  
Measured Water

Abstract The heat plume associated with fire has been hypothesized to cause sufficient water loss from trees to induce embolism and hydraulic failure. However, it is unclear whether the water transport path remains sufficiently intact during scorching or burning of foliage to sustain high water loss. We measured water uptake by branches of Magnolia grandiflora while exposing them to a range of fire intensities, and examined factors influencing continued water uptake after fire. Burning caused a 22-fold mean increase in water uptake, with greatest rates of water loss observed at burn intensities that caused complete consumption of leaves. Such rapid uptake is possible only with steep gradients in water potential, which would likely result in substantial cavitation of xylem and loss of conductivity in intact stems. Water uptake continued after burning was complete, and was greatest following burn intensities that killed leaves but did not consume them. This post-fire uptake was mostly driven by rehydration of the remaining tissues, rather than evaporation from the tissues. Our results indicate that the fire-plume hypothesis can be expanded to include a wide range of burning conditions experienced by plants. High rates of water loss are sustained during burning, even when leaves are killed or completely consumed.

scholarly journals Hydraulic failure and repair are not routine in trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Cochard ◽  
Sylvain Delzon
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Failure

The Management of Idiopathic Chronic Pain: A Holistic Approach

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-431
Author(s):  
H. Brent Richard ◽  
Gerald H. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Secondary Gain ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Symptom Formation

The evaluation and treatment of the patient with idiopathic chronic pain traditionally has involved a sequence of studies first by the internist, then the neurologist, and finally the psychiatrist. This has resulted in an overutilization of costly health care services and may paradoxically have helped to promote symptom chronicity. In keeping with recent developments in the field of psychosomatic medicine, a coordinated biopsychosocial approach is advocated with the identification and amelioration of the multiple determinants of symptom formation in each of these interrelated sub-systems. A case is presented in which the application of this holistic approach appeared to help curtail the overuse of health care services and at the same time helped to diminish psychosocial reinforcers in the form of secondary gain.

Intraspecific variation in drought susceptibility in Eucalyptus globulus is linked to differences in leaf vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lucani ◽  
Timothy J. Brodribb ◽  
Greg Jordan ◽  
Patrick J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Xylem Vulnerability ◽  
Alternative Approach

Understanding intraspecific variation in the vulnerability of the xylem to hydraulic failure during drought is critical in predicting the response of forest tree species to climate change. However, few studies have assessed intraspecific variation in this trait, and a likely limitation is the large number of measurements required to generate the standard ‘vulnerability curve’ used to assess hydraulic failure. Here we explore an alternative approach that requires fewer measurements, and assess within species variation in leaf xylem vulnerability in Eucalyptus globulus Labill., an ecologically and economically important species with known genetic variation in drought tolerance. Using this approach we demonstrate significant phenotypic differences and evidence of plasticity among two provenances with contrasting drought tolerance.

Symptom Formation

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Chase Patterson Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Formation
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