scholarly journals Salinity Is an Agent of Divergent Selection Driving Local Adaptation of Arabidopsis to Coastal Habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Busoms ◽  
Joana Teres ◽  
Xin-Yuan Huang ◽  
Kirsten Bomblies ◽  
John Danku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Coastal Habitats

scholarly journals Divergent Selection and Local Adaptation in Disjunct Populations of an Endangered Conifer, Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana (Pinaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e70162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yu Fang ◽  
Jeng-Der Chung ◽  
Yu-Chung Chiang ◽  
Chung-Te Chang ◽  
Chia-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Disjunct Populations

scholarly journals Evidence for divergent selection and spatial differentiation in a putative zona pellucida gene is indicative of local adaptation in Pacific cod

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Spies ◽  
Daniel Drinan ◽  
Eleni Petrou ◽  
Rory Spurr ◽  
Theodore Hartinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Outlier Loci

Genetic differentiation has been observed in marine species even when no obvious barriers to gene flow exist. The study of highly differentiated outlier loci can provide information on how genetic variation might contribute to local adaptation. A locus which aligned to a predicted zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 gene (ZP3) in Atlantic cod was previously identified in Pacific cod populations as a high differentiation outlier. In other marine species, ZP3 is involved in reproductive isolation, local adaptation, and has neofunctionalized as an antifreeze gene, but the function of this genomic region is not understood in Pacific cod. We sequenced a 544 bp region of ZP3 in 230 Pacific cod collected from throughout their geographic range. Here we show that ZP3 haplotypes exhibit strong spatial structure and there is evidence for divergent selection at this locus in samples collected from the Bering Sea region. The potential for adaptation to different thermal regimes is particularly relevant given that Pacific cod have demonstrated high natural mortality during recent ocean warming events.

scholarly journals Climate-driven divergent selection in a foundation tree species: QST-FST evidence from multiple common gardens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Cooper ◽  
Gerard Allan ◽  
Lela Andrews ◽  
Rebecca Best ◽  
Kevin Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Fremont Cottonwood

Widespread tree species span large climatic gradients that often lead to high levels of local adaptation and phenotypic divergence across their range. To evaluate the relative roles of selection and drift in driving divergence in phenotypic traits, we compared molecular and quantitative genetic variation in Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), using data from > 9000 SNPs and genotypes from 16 populations reciprocally planted in three common gardens that span the species’ climatic range. We present three major findings: 1) There is significant within- and among-population variation in functional traits expressed in each of the common gardens. 2) There is evidence from all three gardens that population divergence in leaf phenology and specific leaf area has been driven by divergent selection (QST > FST). In contrast, QST-FST comparisons for performance traits like height and basal diameter were highly dependent on growing environment, indicating divergent, stabilizing, or no selection across the three gardens. We show this is likely due to local adaptation of source populations to contrasting growing environments. 3) Climate is a primary selective force driving trait divergence, where the traits showing the strongest correlations with a genotype’s provenance climate also had the highest QST values. We conclude that climatic gradients have contributed to significant phenotypic differences and local adaptation in Fremont cottonwood. These results are important because as climate is changing much more rapidly, traits such as phenology that are finely tuned to local conditions may now be subject to intense selection or quickly become maladaptive.

scholarly journals Genomic signatures of spatially divergent selection at clownfish range margins

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1952) ◽  
pp. 20210407
Author(s):  
René D. Clark ◽  
Matthew L. Aardema ◽  
Peter Andolfatto ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Akihisa Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
The Core ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Genomic Signatures

Understanding how evolutionary forces interact to drive patterns of selection and distribute genetic variation across a species' range is of great interest in ecology and evolution, especially in an era of global change. While theory predicts how and when populations at range margins are likely to undergo local adaptation, empirical evidence testing these models remains sparse. Here, we address this knowledge gap by investigating the relationship between selection, gene flow and genetic drift in the yellowtail clownfish, Amphiprion clarkii, from the core to the northern periphery of the species range. Analyses reveal low genetic diversity at the range edge, gene flow from the core to the edge and genomic signatures of local adaptation at 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 25 candidate genes, most of which are significantly correlated with minimum annual sea surface temperature. Several of these candidate genes play a role in functions that are upregulated during cold stress, including protein turnover, metabolism and translation. Our results illustrate how spatially divergent selection spanning the range core to the periphery can occur despite the potential for strong genetic drift at the range edge and moderate gene flow from the core populations.

scholarly journals The impact of global selection on local adaptation and reproductive isolation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Bisschop ◽  
Derek Setter ◽  
Marina Rafajlović ◽  
Stuart J.E. Baird ◽  
Konrad Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Mutation Process ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Global Selection

AbstractDespite the homogenising effect of strong gene flow between two populations, adaptation under symmetric divergent selection pressures results in partial reproductive isolation: adaptive substitutions act as local barriers to gene flow, and if divergent selection continues unimpeded, this will result in complete reproductive isolation of the two populations, i.e. speciation. However, a key issue in framing the process of speciation as a tension between local adaptation and the homogenising force of gene flow is that the mutation process is blind to changes in the environment and therefore tends to limit adaptation. Here we investigate how globally beneficial mutations (GBMs) affect divergent local adaptation and reproductive isolation. When phenotypic divergence is finite, we show that the presence of GBMs limits local adaptation, generating a persistent genetic load at the loci which contribute to the trait under divergent selection and reducing genome-wide divergence. Furthermore, we show that while GBMs cannot prohibit the process of continuous differentiation, they induce a substantial delay in the genome-wide shutdown of gene flow.

scholarly journals The impact of global selection on local adaptation and reproductive isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20190531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Bisschop ◽  
Derek Setter ◽  
Marina Rafajlović ◽  
Stuart J. E. Baird ◽  
Konrad Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Mutation Process ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Global Selection

Despite the homogenizing effect of strong gene flow between two populations, adaptation under symmetric divergent selection pressures results in partial reproductive isolation: adaptive substitutions act as local barriers to gene flow, and if divergent selection continues unimpeded, this will result in complete reproductive isolation of the two populations, i.e. speciation. However, a key issue in framing the process of speciation as a tension between local adaptation and the homogenizing force of gene flow is that the mutation process is blind to changes in the environment and therefore tends to limit adaptation. Here we investigate how globally beneficial mutations (GBMs) affect divergent local adaptation and reproductive isolation. When phenotypic divergence is finite, we show that the presence of GBMs limits local adaptation, generating a persistent genetic load at the loci that contribute to the trait under divergent selection and reducing genome-wide divergence. Furthermore, we show that while GBMs cannot prohibit the process of continuous differentiation, they induce a substantial delay in the genome-wide shutdown of gene flow. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.

scholarly journals Demographic history and genomics of local adaptation in blue tit populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perrier Charles ◽  
Rougemont Quentin ◽  
Charmantier Anne
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Demographic Modeling ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic processes underlying local adaptation is a central aim of modern evolutionary biology. This task requires identifying footprints of local selection but also estimating spatio-temporal variation in population demography and variation in recombination rate and diversity along the genome. Here, we investigated these parameters in blue tit populations inhabiting deciduous versus evergreen forests and insular versus mainland areas, in the context of a previously described strong phenotypic differentiation. Neighboring population pairs of deciduous and evergreen habitats were weakly genetically differentiated (FST = 0.004 on average), nevertheless with a statistically significant effect of habitat type on the overall genetic structure. This low differentiation was consistent with the strong and long-lasting gene flow between populations, inferred by demographic modeling. In turn, insular and mainland populations were moderately differentiated (FST = 0.08 on average), in line with the inference of moderate ancestral migrations, followed by isolation since the end of the last glaciation. Effective population sizes were overall large, yet smaller on the island than on the mainland. Weak and non-parallel footprints of divergent selection between deciduous and evergreen populations were consistent with their high connectivity and the probable polygenic nature of local adaptation in these habitats. In turn, stronger footprints of divergent selection were identified between long isolated insular versus mainland birds, and were more often found in regions of low recombination as expected from theory. Lastly, we identified a genomic inversion on the mainland, spanning 2.8Mb. These results provide insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of local adaptation in blue tit populations at multiple geographic scales.

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