scholarly journals The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex Subunit16 Is a Key Component of Basal Resistance against the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2015 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 856-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Wang ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Xuezhu Du ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Yijun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Basal Resistance

scholarly journals Host-Induced Gene Silencing of a Multifunction Gene Sscnd1 Enhances Plant Resistance Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijuan Ding ◽  
Yangui Chen ◽  
Baoqin Yan ◽  
Hongmei Liao ◽  
Mengquan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Infection Stage

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen and has a substantial economic impact on crop production worldwide. Magnaporthe appressoria-specific (MAS) proteins have been suggested to be involved in the appressorium formation in Magnaporthe oryzae. Sscnd1, an MAS homolog gene, is highly induced at the early infection stage of S. sclerotiorum. Knock-down the expression of Sscnd1 gene severely reduced the virulence of S. sclerotiorum on intact rapeseed leaves, and their virulence was partially restored on wounded leaves. The Sscnd1 gene-silenced strains exhibited a defect in compound appressorium formation and cell integrity. The instantaneous silencing of Sscnd1 by tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) resulted in a significant reduction in disease development in tobacco. Three transgenic HIGS Arabidopsis lines displayed high levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum and decreased Sscnd1 expression. Production of specific Sscnd1 siRNA in transgenic HIGS Arabidopsis lines was confirmed by stem-loop qRT-PCR. This study revealed that the compound appressorium-related gene Sscnd1 is required for cell integrity and full virulence in S. sclerotiorum and that Sclerotinia stem rot can be controlled by expressing the silencing constructs of Sscnd1 in host plants.

scholarly journals Genome sequence resource for the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum WH6 isolated in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Cheng ◽  
Lijiang Liu ◽  
Shengyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The World ◽  
High Quality Genome

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious fungal pathogen that causes sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) on many important crops in China and worldwide. Here, we present a high- quality genome assembly of S. sclerotiorum strain WH6 using the PacBio SMRT cell platform. The assembled genome has a total size of 38.96 Mbp, with a contig N50 length of 1.90 Mbp, and encodes 10,512 predicted coding genes, including 685 secreted proteins and 65 effector candidates. This is the the first report of a genome sequence from China. The WH6 genome sequence provides a valuable resource for facilitating our understanding of S. sclerotiorum-host interactions and SSR control in China and the world.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in a collection of wild Cicer germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Wainaina Mwape ◽  
Yuphin Khentry ◽  
Toby E. Newman ◽  
Matthew Denton-Giles ◽  
Mark Derbyshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cicer Echinospermum ◽  
Stem Resistance ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important fungal pathogen of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and it can cause yield losses up to 100%. The wild progenitors are much more diverse than domesticated chickpea and this study describes how this relates to S. sclerotiorum resistance. Initially, the pathogenicity of nine Australian S. sclerotiorum isolates was examined on three Cicer lines to develop a robust phenotyping assay and significant differences in isolate aggressiveness were identified with 6 isolates being classed as highly aggressive and 3 as moderately aggressive. We identified two S. sclerotiorum isolates, CU8.20 and CU10.12, to be highly aggressive and moderately aggressive, respectively. A subsequent phenotyping assay was conducted using the two isolates to evaluate 86 wild Cicer accessions (Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) and two C. arietinum varieties for resistance to S. sclerotiorum. A subset of 12 genotypes was further evaluated, and subsequently, two wild Cicer accessions with consistently high levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum were examined using the initially characterised nine isolates. Wild Cicer accessions Karab_084 and Deste_063 demonstrated consistent partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum. There were significant differences in responses to S. sclerotiorum across wild Cicer collection sites. The Cermik, Karabahce and Destek sites’ responses to the aggressive isolate CU8.20 ranged from resistant to susceptible, highlighting an interaction between isolate genotype and chickpea collection site for sclerotinia stem rot resistance. This is the first evidence of partial stem resistance identified in wild Cicer germplasm, which can be adopted in chickpea breeding programs to enhance S. sclerotiorum resistance in future chickpea varieties.

scholarly journals Extracellular proteolytic cascade in tomato activates immune protease Rcr3

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17409-17417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Paulus ◽  
Jiorgos Kourelis ◽  
Selva Ramasubramanian ◽  
Felix Homma ◽  
Alice Godson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Passalora Fulva ◽  
Proteolytic Cascade ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Proteolytic cascades regulate immunity and development in animals, but these cascades in plants have not yet been reported. Here we report that the extracellular immune protease Rcr3 of tomato is activated by P69B and other subtilases (SBTs), revealing a proteolytic cascade regulating extracellular immunity in solanaceous plants. Rcr3 is a secreted papain-like Cys protease (PLCP) of tomato that acts both in basal resistance against late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) and in gene-for-gene resistance against the fungal pathogenCladosporium fulvum (syn.Passalora fulva). Despite the prevalent model that Rcr3-like proteases can activate themselves at low pH, we found that catalytically inactive proRcr3 mutant precursors are still processed into mature mRcr3 isoforms. ProRcr3 is processed by secreted P69B and other Asp-selective SBTs in solanaceous plants, providing robust immunity through SBT redundancy. The apoplastic effector EPI1 ofP. infestanscan block Rcr3 activation by inhibiting SBTs, suggesting that this effector promotes virulence indirectly by preventing the activation of Rcr3(-like) immune proteases. Rcr3 activation inNicotiana benthamianarequires a SBT from a different subfamily, indicating that extracellular proteolytic cascades have evolved convergently in solanaceous plants or are very ancient in the plant kingdom. The frequent incidence of Asp residues in the cleavage region of Rcr3-like proteases in solanaceous plants indicates that activation of immune proteases by SBTs is a general mechanism, illuminating a proteolytic cascade that provides robust apoplastic immunity.

scholarly journals A novel virus that infecting hypovirulent strain XG36-1 of plant fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyan Zhang ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
Daohong Jiang ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hypovirulent Strain ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Plant Fungal Pathogen

scholarly journals Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen Causing Blight in Hyacinth Bean (Lablab purpureus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Prova ◽  
Abdul Mannan Akanda ◽  
Shaikhul Islam ◽  
Md. Motaher Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Hyacinth Bean

scholarly journals Effect of different carbon sources on proteases secreted by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum during Phaseolus vulgaris infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2171-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Bueno ◽  
M.B. Oliveira ◽  
R.V. Andrade ◽  
M. Lobo Júnior ◽  
S. Petrofeza
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Carbon Sources

scholarly journals A Novel Deltaflexivirus that Infects the Plant Fungal Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Can Be Transmitted Among Host Vegetative Incompatible Strains

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamid ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
Songsong Wu ◽  
Shahzeen Maria ◽  
Dan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Fungal Pathogen

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum NADPH Oxidases

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
pp. 7721-7729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-jin Kim ◽  
Changbin Chen ◽  
Mehdi Kabbage ◽  
Martin B. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sclerotial Development ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACTNumerous studies have shown both the detrimental and beneficial effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animals, plants, and fungi. These organisms utilize controlled generation of ROS for signaling, pathogenicity, and development. Here, we show that ROS are essential for the pathogenic development ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum, an economically important fungal pathogen with a broad host range. Based on the organism's completed genome sequence, we identified twoS. sclerotiorumNADPH oxidases (SsNox1 and SsNox2), which presumably are involved in ROS generation. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to examine the function of SsNox1 and SsNox2. Silencing of SsNox1 expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. ΔSsnox1strains had reduced ROS levels, were unable to develop sclerotia, and unexpectedly correlated with significantly reduced oxalate production. These results are in accordance with previous observations indicating that fungal NADPH oxidases are required for pathogenic development and are consistent with the importance of ROS regulation in the successful pathogenesis ofS. sclerotiorum.

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