scholarly journals Quantitative Intercellular Localization of NADH-Dependent Glutamate Synthase Protein in Different Types of Root Cells in Rice Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Laura Hopkins ◽  
Lucy J. Peat ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaya ◽  
Alyson K. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals FlsnRNA-seq: protoplasting-free full-length single-nucleus RNA profiling in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Long ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Jinbu Jia ◽  
Weipeng Mo ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Single Nucleus

AbstractThe broad application of single-cell RNA profiling in plants has been hindered by the prerequisite of protoplasting that requires digesting the cell walls from different types of plant tissues. Here, we present a protoplasting-free approach, flsnRNA-seq, for large-scale full-length RNA profiling at a single-nucleus level in plants using isolated nuclei. Combined with 10x Genomics and Nanopore long-read sequencing, we validate the robustness of this approach in Arabidopsis root cells and the developing endosperm. Sequencing results demonstrate that it allows for uncovering alternative splicing and polyadenylation-related RNA isoform information at the single-cell level, which facilitates characterizing cell identities.

scholarly journals OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

scholarly journals Organization and Structure of Ferredoxin. Dependent Glutamate Synthase Gene and Intracellular Localization of the Enzyme Protein in Rice Plants.

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko HAYAKAWA ◽  
Takahiro SAKAI ◽  
Keiki ISHIYAMA ◽  
Naoya HIROSE ◽  
Hiroyuki NAKAJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Rice Plants

Cell Specific Expression of Nadh-Dependent Glutamate Synthase in Rice Plants

1998 ◽  
pp. 3023-3026
Author(s):  
Keiki Ishiyama ◽  
Soichi Kojima ◽  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaya
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Rice Plants

Secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences: a general review

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
General Review ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Collective Nouns

AbstractThe literature dealing with secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences is in many cases ambiguous, which means that different concepts are used for the same features, whereas certain concepts referring to different types are used as collective nouns. The aim of this study is to give a review on this nomenclature and to draw comparision between the various types and concepts. As a main guiding principle the article of Becze-Deák et al. (1997) is used, because it has formulated a proposition of a nomenclature which would be worthwhile to adopt. The terms and concepts introduced by their work are exact, referring to certain separated secondary carbonates and are of decisive importance with a view to paleoenvironmental reconstruction.The research of secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences is of great importance, through providing detailed information on the paleoenvironment, especially on the former moisture conditions (including leaching processes). Secondary carbonates originate from the vertical, horizontal or in situ resettlement of carbonates during pedogenesis in the soil-sedimentary environment. Among others, calcified root cells, hypocoatings and needle-fiber calcite are classified into the microscale category, while concretions (e.g. loess dolls) belong to the macroscale types.

Cellular localization of NADH-dependent glutamate-synthase protein in vascular bundles of unexpanded leaf blades and young grains of rice plants

Planta ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Teiji Nakamura ◽  
Fuyu Hattori ◽  
Tadahiko Mae ◽  
Kunihiko Ojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Rice Plants

scholarly journals Study of new samples and varieties of rice under conditions of air drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
G.L. Zelensky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Strong Evaporation

In the Krasnodar Territory, dry wind in summer is one of the negative factors of the climate. Rice plants increase transpiration for cooling and gradually lose their turgor due to strong evaporation caused by low relative humidity and strong winds. In the nursery of the competitive test trials, in 2018-2019, we studied different types of rice: ‘Yug2’ with ordinary but folding leaves; ‘Yug-3’ with vertical folding leaves; ‘Yug-5’ and ‘Rubikon’ with vertical non-folding leaves; standard – variety ‘Rapan’ with ordinary leaves. Under conditions of drought and increased plant density, sample ‘Yug-2’ was the best in quantitative terms.

scholarly journals Distinctive properties and expression profiles of glutamine synthetase from a plant symbiotic fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 373 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara MONTANINI ◽  
Marco BETTI ◽  
Antonio J. MÁRQUEZ ◽  
Raffaella BALESTRINI ◽  
Paola BONFANTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Tuber Borchii ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
N Assimilation

Nitrogen retrieval and assimilation by symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi is thought to play a central role in the mutualistic interaction between these organisms and their plant hosts. Here we report on the molecular characterization of the key N-assimilation enzyme glutamine synthetase from the mycorrhizal ascomycete Tuber borchii (TbGS). TbGS displayed a strong positive co-operativity (n=1.7±0.29) and an unusually high S0.5 value (54±16 mM; S0.5 is the substrate concentration value at which v=½Vmax) for glutamate, and a correspondingly low sensitivity towards inhibition by the glutamate analogue herbicide phosphinothricin. The TbGS mRNA, which is encoded by a single-copy gene in the Tuber genome, was up-regulated in N-starved mycelia and returned to basal levels upon resupplementation of various forms of N, the most effective of which was nitrate. Both responses were accompanied by parallel variations of TbGS protein amount and glutamine synthetase activity, thus indicating that TbGS levels are primarily controlled at the pre-translational level. As revealed by a comparative analysis of the TbGS mRNA and of the mRNAs for the metabolically related enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase, TbGS is not only the sole messenger that positively responds to N starvation, but also the most abundant under N-limiting conditions. A similar, but even more discriminating expression pattern, with practically undetectable glutamate dehydrogenase mRNA levels, was observed in fruitbodies. The TbGS mRNA was also found to be expressed in symbiosis-engaged hyphae, with distinctively higher hybridization signals in hyphae that were penetrating among and within root cells.

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