scholarly journals Plastome Engineering of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Tobacco to Form a Sunflower Large Subunit and Tobacco Small Subunit Hybrid

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kanevski ◽  
Pal Maliga ◽  
Daniel F. Rhoades ◽  
Steven Gutteridge
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

The study of plant phylogeny using amino acid sequences of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate carboxylase. I. Patterns of variability

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Martin ◽  
AC Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Variable Site ◽  
N Terminus

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase has been prepared from 50 species of angiosperms from 16 diverse families. In 35 preparations, well known 'bland leaf' methods were used but 15 species had 'pungent leaves' and for these a new preparative method is described. Automatic methods have been used to obtain N-terminal sequences (40 amino acids) of the small subunit (SSU) from all 50 species and the pattern of variability is discussed: 26 of 40 positions are variable to a degree similar to that found in plastocyanin and plant cytochrome c, i.e, an average of 3.7 different amino acids per variable site. These results, and the fact that sufficient protein can be obtained from 100 g of leaves, make a widespread phylogenetic survey of angiosperm SSU feasible and it is claimed that the method is at least as practicable as nucleic acid sequencing. A limited amount of sequencing has been carried out on the large subunit (LSU) but its low variability discourages a protein sequencing survey. Implications for gene structure and function are discussed and evidence is given that active LSU is derived from a precursor with 14 additional amino acids at the N-terminus. In SSU, variability of the two N- terminal amino acids suggests that they are not involved in the signals for removal of either the transit peptide or, in the RNA, of the intron, excision of one end of which depends on the codons for the invariable amino acids at positions 3 and 4. Evidence is also given that if the N-terminus of SSU is methionine, as is common, then it is modified and associated with a 'frayed' N-terminus.

scholarly journals The “Green” Form I Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase from the Nonsulfur Purple BacteriumRhodobacter capsulatus

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (13) ◽  
pp. 3935-3941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempton M. Horken ◽  
F. Robert Tabita
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Related Organism ◽  
Green Form

ABSTRACT Form I ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle may be divided into two broad phylogenetic groups, referred to as red-like and green-like, based on deduced large subunit amino acid sequences. Unlike the form I enzyme from the closely related organism Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the form I RubisCO from R. capsulatus is a member of the green-like group and closely resembles the enzyme from certain chemoautotrophic proteobacteria and cyanobacteria. As the enzymatic properties of this type of RubisCO have not been well studied in a system that offers facile genetic manipulation, we purified theR. capsulatus form I enzyme and determined its basic kinetic properties. The enzyme exhibited an extremely low substrate specificity factor, which is congruent with its previously determined sequence similarity to form I enzymes from chemoautotrophs and cyanobacteria. The enzymological results reported here are thus strongly supportive of the previously suggested horizontal gene transfer that most likely occurred between a green-like RubisCO-containing bacterium and a predecessor to R. capsulatus. Expression results from hybrid and chimeric enzyme plasmid constructs, made with large and small subunit genes fromR. capsulatus and R. sphaeroides, also supported the unrelatedness of these two enzymes and were consistent with the recently proposed phylogenetic placement of R. capsulatus form I RubisCO. The R. capsulatus form I enzyme was found to be subject to a time-dependent fallover in activity and possessed a high affinity for CO2, unlike the closely similar cyanobacterial RubisCO, which does not exhibit fallover and possesses an extremely low affinity for CO2. These latter results suggest definite approaches to elucidate the molecular basis for fallover and CO2 affinity.

Photoregulation of the biosynthesis of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 83 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
R. John Ellis ◽  
Thomas F. Gallagher ◽  
Gareth I. Jenkins ◽  
C. Ruth Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Parallel Increase

Chloroplast development in higher plants is light dependent, and is accompanied by the synthesis of chlorophyll and the accumulation of many chloroplast polypeptides. There is a 100-fold greater content of the photosynthetic enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, in light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum than in dark-grown seedlings. Following the illumination of dark-grown seedlings, there is a parallel increase in the content of both the mRNA and the polypeptide of the small subunit of the carboxylase; this subunit is a product of the nuclear genome. The increases in the mRNA and the polypeptide of the large subunit, which is a product of the chloroplast genome, show less synchronicity. Studies with isolated leaf nuclei show that the increase in small subunit mRNA is mediated primarily at the level of transcription. Three distinct effects of light on transcription of small subunit genes have been found; a rapid (∼1 h) burst, followed by a decline, when etiolated plants are first exposed to light; a slow (∼36h) development of the competence to transcribe rapidly after the initial burst; rapid (∼20 min) switches in both directions when fully greened plants are exposed to light—dark transitions.

Molecular evolutionary analyses of the small and large subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pasternak ◽  
B. R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
Building Methods

The molecular evolution of the amino acid sequences of the mature small and large subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygense (Rubisco) was determined. The dataset for each subunit consisted of sequences from 39 different taxa of which 22 are represented with sequence information for both subunits. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using distance matrix, parsimony and simultaneous alignment and phylogeny methods. For the small subunit, the latter two methods produced similar trees that differed from the topology of the distance matrix tree. For the large subunit, each of the three tree-building methods yielded a distinct tree. Except for the distance matrix small subunit tree, the tree-building methods produced topologies for the small and large subunit sequences from the nonflowering plant taxa that, for the most part, agree with current taxonomic schemes. With the full datasets, the lack of consistency both among the various trees and with conventional taxonomic relationships was most evident with the Rubisco sequences from angiosperms. It is unlikely that current tree-building methods will be able to reconstruct an unambiguous molecular evolution of either of the Rubisco subunits. Molecular trees, regardless of methodology, showed similar topologies for the small and large subunits from the 22 taxa from which both subunits have been sequenced, indicating that the subunits have changed to the same extent over time. In this case, similar trees were formed because only 4 of the 22 taxa were from dicots. Key words: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, amino acid sequence, molecular evolution, phyletic trees.

scholarly journals Nascent polypeptide chains exit the ribosome in the same relative position in both eucaryotes and procaryotes.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bernabeu ◽  
E M Tobin ◽  
A Fowler ◽  
I Zabin ◽  
J A Lake
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Exit Site ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Peptidyl Transfer ◽  
Nascent Chain ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ribosomes ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

We located the polypeptide nascent chain as it leaves cytoplasmic ribosomes from the plant Lemna gibba by immune electron microscopy using antibodies against the small subunit of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Similar studies with Escherichia coli ribosomes, using antibodies directed against the enzyme beta-galactosidase, show that the polypeptide nascent chain emerges in the same relative position in plants and bacteria. The eucaryotic ribosomal exit site is on the large subunit, approximately 75 A from the interface between subunits and nearly 160 A from the central protuberance, the presumed site for peptidyl transfer. This is the first functional site on both the eucaryotic and procaryotic ribosomes to be determined.

Peptide composition and enzyme activities of isolated pyrenoids from the green alga Bryopsis maxima

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
Y. Okabe ◽  
M. Kono ◽  
K. Nakayama ◽  
H. Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Peptide Composition ◽  
Bryopsis Maxima

Pyrenoids of Bryopsis maxima contained several minor components other than the large subunit (LS) and the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Among the minor components, polypeptides of 95, 67, and 41 kDa reacted with an antibody against the LS polypeptide. Amino acid sequences of these polypeptides were determined and compared with that deduced from the LS gene (rbcL) screened from the chloroplast DNA library of B. maxima. The N-terminal sequence of the LS peptide was not post-translationally processed and was almost identical with those of the polypeptides of 91, 67, and 41 kDa. The starch grains surrounding the pyrenoids contained a polypeptide of 66 kDa that was assigned as starch synthase. Key words: Bryopsis maxima, nitrate reductase, pyrenoid, rbcL, Rubisco, starch synthase.

scholarly journals Maize plastid photogenes: mapping and photoregulation of transcript levels during light-induced development.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Rodermel ◽  
L Bogorad
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Plastid Chromosome

Positively photoregulated regions that show increased transcript levels upon illumination of dark-grown seedlings are scattered over approximately 19% of the maize plastid chromosome. Some photogenes, i.e., genes within these regions, are transcribed individually, whereas others that are transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs appear to be functionally organized into operons. Multiple light-induced transcripts are complementary to most photogenes; these mRNAs are not present in equimolar amounts during plastid photomorphogenesis, but particular transcripts predominate at specific stages of development. Most, but not all, photogene RNA pools reach a maximum size (after either 10, 20, or 44 h of illumination) and then fall to approximately preillumination levels. These data and other considerations argue that photogene expression control is fundamentally transcriptional and that there is more than one expression class. Transcripts of the maize plastid gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase reach a maximum by 20 h of illumination; transcripts of the nuclear gene for the small subunit of this enzyme continue to accumulate and fall considerably later. These data suggest that the level of transcription of the latter gene in the nucleus may be regulated by events in the chloroplast.

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