scholarly journals Variation of Herbivore-Induced Volatile Terpenes among Arabidopsis Ecotypes Depends on Allelic Differences and Subcellular Targeting of Two Terpene Synthases, TPS02 and TPS03

2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 1293-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengsu Huang ◽  
Christian Abel ◽  
Reza Sohrabi ◽  
Jana Petri ◽  
Ina Haupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Targeting ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Volatile Terpenes

scholarly journals Terpene synthase genes in eukaryotes beyond plants and fungi: Occurrence in social amoebae

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12132-12137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlu Chen ◽  
Tobias G. Köllner ◽  
Qidong Jia ◽  
Ayla Norris ◽  
Balaji Santhanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Terpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Volatile Terpenes ◽  
Social Amoebae

Terpenes are structurally diverse natural products involved in many ecological interactions. The pivotal enzymes for terpene biosynthesis, terpene synthases (TPSs), had been described only in plants and fungi in the eukaryotic domain. In this report, we systematically analyzed the genome sequences of a broad range of nonplant/nonfungus eukaryotes and identified putative TPS genes in six species of amoebae, five of which are multicellular social amoebae from the order of Dictyosteliida. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that amoebal TPSs are evolutionarily more closely related to fungal TPSs than to bacterial TPSs. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum was selected for functional study of the identified TPSs. D. discoideum grows as a unicellular organism when food is abundant and switches from vegetative growth to multicellular development upon starvation. We found that expression of most D. discoideum TPS genes was induced during development. Upon heterologous expression, all nine TPSs from D. discoideum showed sesquiterpene synthase activities. Some also exhibited monoterpene and/or diterpene synthase activities. Direct measurement of volatile terpenes in cultures of D. discoideum revealed essentially no emission at an early stage of development. In contrast, a bouquet of terpenes, dominated by sesquiterpenes including β-barbatene and (E,E)-α-farnesene, was detected at the middle and late stages of development, suggesting a development-specific function of volatile terpenes in D. discoideum. The patchy distribution of TPS genes in the eukaryotic domain and the evidence for TPS function in D. discoideum indicate that the TPS genes mediate lineage-specific adaptations.

Identification and Characterization of Terpene Synthases Potentially Involved in the Formation of Volatile Terpenes in Carrot (Daucus carotaL.) Roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (19) ◽  
pp. 4870-4878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosaab Yahyaa ◽  
Dorothea Tholl ◽  
Guy Cormier ◽  
Roderick Jensen ◽  
Philipp W. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Volatile Terpenes ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals RNA sequencing on Amomum villosum Lour. induced by MeJA identifies the genes of WRKY and terpene synthases involved in terpene biosynthesis

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying He ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Jinfen Yang ◽  
Ke Deng ◽  
Teng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Terpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
New Information ◽  
Volatile Terpenes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Amomum Villosum ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Amomum villosum Lour. is an important Chinese medicinal plant that has diverse medicinal functions, and mainly contains volatile terpenes. This study aims to explore the WRKY transcription factors (TFs) and terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes that might be involved in terpene biosynthesis in A. villosum, and thus providing some new information on the regulation of terpenes in plants. RNA sequencing of A. villosum induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) revealed that the WRKY family was the second largest TF family in the transcriptome. Thirty-six complete WRKY domain sequences were expressed in response to MeJA. Further, six WRKY unigenes were highly correlated with eight deduced TPS unigenes. Ultimately, we combined the terpene abundance with the expression of candidate WRKY TFs and TPS unigenes to presume a possible model wherein AvWRKY61, AvWRKY28, and AvWRKY40 might coordinately trans-activate the AvNeoD promoter. We propose an approach to further investigate TF unigenes that might be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, and identified four unigenes for further analyses.

scholarly journals Diversity and function of terpene synthases in the production of carrot aroma and flavor compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Muchlinski ◽  
Mwafaq Ibdah ◽  
Shelby Ellison ◽  
Mossab Yahyaa ◽  
Bhagwat Nawade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Volatile Terpenes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Volatile Terpene

Abstract Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important root vegetable crop with high nutritional value, characteristic flavor, and benefits to human health. D. carota tissues produce an essential oil that is rich in volatile terpenes and plays a major role in carrot aroma and flavor. Although terpene composition represents a critical quality attribute of carrots, little is known about the biosynthesis of terpenes in this crop. Here, we functionally characterized 19 terpene synthase (TPS) genes in an orange carrot (genotype DH1) and compared tissue-specific expression profiles and in vitro products of their recombinant proteins with volatile terpene profiles from DH1 and four other colored carrot genotypes. In addition to the previously reported (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase (DcTPS01), we biochemically characterized several TPS proteins with direct correlations to major compounds of carrot flavor and aroma including germacrene D (DcTPS7/11), γ-terpinene (DcTPS30) and α-terpinolene (DcTPS03). Random forest analysis of volatiles from colored carrot cultivars identified nine terpenes that were clearly distinct among the cultivars and likely contribute to differences in sensory quality. Correlation of TPS gene expression and terpene metabolite profiles supported the function of DcTPS01 and DcTPS03 in these cultivars. Our findings provide a roadmap for future breeding efforts to enhance carrot flavor and aroma.

scholarly journals Allelic differences of clustered terpene synthases contribute to correlated intraspecific variation of floral and herbivory‐induced volatiles in a wild tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1096
Author(s):  
Shuqing Xu ◽  
Christoph Kreitzer ◽  
Erica McGale ◽  
Nathalie D. Lackus ◽  
Han Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Allelic Differences

scholarly journals Variation of the human mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene predicts vulnerability to frustration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Daniel ◽  
Brenda G. Rushing ◽  
Karla Y. Tapia Menchaca
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Allelic Differences

AbstractUnderstanding the emotional reaction to loss, or frustration, is a critical problem for the field of mental health. Animal models of loss have pointed to the opioid system as a nexus of frustration, physical pain, and substance abuse. However, few attempts have been made to connect the results of animal models of loss to human behavior. Allelic differences in the human mu opioid receptor gene, notably the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism, have been linked to individual differences in pain sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and reward processing. The present study explored the relationship between A118G and behavior in two frustrating tasks in humans. Results showed that carriers of the mutant G-allele were slower to recover behavior following a reward downshift and abandoned a frustrating task earlier than those without the mutation. Additionally, G-carriers were more sensitive to physical pain. These results highlight the overlap between frustration and pain, and suggest that genetic variation in opioid tone may contribute to individual differences in vulnerability and resilience following emotional disturbances.

scholarly journals Identification ofvib-1, a Locus Involved in Vegetative Incompatibility Mediated byhet-cinNeurospora crassa

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijun Xiang ◽  
N Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Native Gel ◽  
Type Strains

AbstractA non-self-recognition system called vegetative incompatibility is ubiquitous in filamentous fungi and is genetically regulated by het loci. Different fungal individuals are unable to form viable heterokaryons if they differ in allelic specificity at a het locus. To identify components of vegetative incompatibility mediated by allelic differences at the het-c locus of Neurospora crassa, we isolated mutants that suppressed phenotypic aspects of het-c vegetative incompatibility. Three deletion mutants were identified; the deletions overlapped each other in an ORF named vib-1 (vegetative incompatibility blocked). Mutations in vib-1 fully relieved growth inhibition and repression of conidiation conferred by het-c vegetative incompatibility and significantly reduced hyphal compartmentation and death rates. The vib-1 mutants displayed a profuse conidiation pattern, suggesting that VIB-1 is a regulator of conidiation. VIB-1 shares a region of similarity to PHOG, a possible phosphate nonrepressible acid phosphatase in Aspergillus nidulans. Native gel analysis of wild-type strains and vib-1 mutants indicated that vib-1 is not the structural gene for nonrepressible acid phosphatase, but rather may regulate nonrepressible acid phosphatase activity.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing of four culinary herbs reveals terpenoid genes underlying chemodiversity in the Nepetoideae

DNA Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolan Bornowski ◽  
John P Hamilton ◽  
Pan Liao ◽  
Joshua C Wood ◽  
Natalia Dudareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
High Quality Genome

Abstract Species within the mint family, Lamiaceae, are widely used for their culinary, cultural, and medicinal properties due to production of a wide variety of specialized metabolites, especially terpenoids. To further our understanding of genome diversity in the Lamiaceae and to provide a resource for mining biochemical pathways, we generated high-quality genome assemblies of four economically important culinary herbs, namely, sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and characterized their terpenoid diversity through metabolite profiling and genomic analyses. A total 25 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes were identified in leaf tissue from the 4 species. Genes encoding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of precursors for mono- and sesqui-terpene synthases were identified in all four species. Across all 4 species, a total of 235 terpene synthases were identified, ranging from 27 in O. majorana to 137 in the tetraploid O. basilicum. This study provides valuable resources for further investigation of the genetic basis of chemodiversity in these important culinary herbs.

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