scholarly journals Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Aspeborg ◽  
Jarmo Schrader ◽  
Pedro M. Coutinho ◽  
Mark Stam ◽  
Åsa Kallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis

scholarly journals The flowering hormone florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis to harmonize vascular maturation with reproductive development

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 16127-16136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiva Shalit-Kaneh ◽  
Tamar Eviatar-Ribak ◽  
Guy Horev ◽  
Naomi Suss ◽  
Roni Aloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
Vascular Maturation

Florigen, a proteinaceous hormone, functions as a universal long-range promoter of flowering and concurrently as a generic growth-attenuating hormone across leaf and stem meristems. In flowering plants, the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase entails the orchestration of new growth coordinates and a global redistribution of resources, signals, and mechanical loads among organs. However, the ultimate cellular processes governing the adaptation of the shoot system to reproduction remain unknown. We hypothesized that if the mechanism for floral induction is universal, then the cellular metabolic mechanisms underlying the conditioning of the shoot system for reproduction would also be universal and may be best regulated by florigen itself. To understand the cellular basis for the vegetative functions of florigen, we explored the radial expansion of tomato stems. RNA-Seq and complementary genetic and histological studies revealed that florigen of endogenous, mobile, or induced origins accelerates the transcription network navigating secondary cell wall biogenesis as a unit, promoting vascular maturation and thereby adapting the shoot system to the developmental needs of the ensuing reproductive phase it had originally set into motion. We then demonstrated that a remarkably stable and broadly distributed florigen promotes MADS and MIF genes, which in turn regulate the rate of vascular maturation and radial expansion of stems irrespective of flowering or florigen level. The dual acceleration of flowering and vascular maturation by florigen provides a paradigm for coordinated regulation of independent global developmental programs.

scholarly journals An AC-type element mediates transactivation of secondary cell wall carbohydrate-active enzymes by PttMYB021, the PopulusMYB46 orthologue

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Ezcurra ◽  
Camilla Johansson ◽  
Prashanth Tamizhselvan ◽  
Anders Winzell ◽  
Henrik Aspeborg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes

Organized Cell Wall Biogenesis in Oocystis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
David Montezinos ◽  
R. Malcolm Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Complex Process

Patterned arrays of cellulosic microfibrils are found in the secondary cell wall of Oocystis apiculata W. West. Although mechanisms for the biogenesis of the organized cell wall have not yet ben elucidated, roles for the plasma membrane and microtubules in wall production have been suggested. Continuing Study of Oocystis has provided new data on the complex process of organized cell wall biogenesis.

scholarly journals Involvement of Pinus taeda MYB1 and MYB8 in phenylpropanoid metabolism and secondary cell wall biogenesis: a comparative in planta analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (14) ◽  
pp. 3925-3939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Bomal ◽  
Frank Bedon ◽  
Sébastien Caron ◽  
Shawn D. Mansfield ◽  
Caroline Levasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis

scholarly journals Populus PtERF85 Balances Xylem Cell Expansion and Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Hybrid Aspen

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Carolin Seyfferth ◽  
Bernard A. Wessels ◽  
Jorma Vahala ◽  
Jaakko Kangasjärvi ◽  
Nicolas Delhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Transgenic Trees ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Xylem Cell

Secondary growth relies on precise and specialized transcriptional networks that determine cell division, differentiation, and maturation of xylem cells. We identified a novel role for the ethylene-induced Populus ethylene response factor PtERF85 (Potri.015G023200) in balancing xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides). Expression of PtERF85 is high in phloem and cambium cells and during the expansion of xylem cells, while it is low in maturing xylem tissue. Extending PtERF85 expression into SCW forming zones of woody tissues through ectopic expression reduced wood density and SCW thickness of xylem fibers but increased fiber diameter. Xylem transcriptomes from the transgenic trees revealed transcriptional induction of genes involved in cell expansion, translation, and growth. The expression of genes associated with plant vascular development and the biosynthesis of SCW chemical components such as xylan and lignin, was down-regulated in the transgenic trees. Our results suggest that PtERF85 activates genes related to xylem cell expansion, while preventing transcriptional activation of genes related to SCW formation. The importance of precise spatial expression of PtERF85 during wood development together with the observed phenotypes in response to ectopic PtERF85 expression suggests that PtERF85 contributes to the transition of fiber cells from elongation to secondary cell wall deposition.

scholarly journals The Flowering Hormone Florigen Accelerates Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis to Harmonize Vascular Maturation with Reproductive Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiva Shalit-Kaneh ◽  
Tamar Eviatar–Ribak ◽  
Guy Horev ◽  
Naomi Suss ◽  
Roni Aloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
List Type ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Vascular Maturation

AbstractThe protein hormone florigen is a universal systemic inducer of flowering and a generic growth terminator across meristems. To understand the developmental rational for its pleiotropic functions and to uncover the deep cellular systems mobilized by florigen beyond flowering we explored termination of radial expansion of stems. Employing the power of tomato genetics along with RNAseq and histological validations we show that endogenous, mobile, or induced florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis (SCWB), and hence vascular maturation, independently of flowering. This finding is supported by a systemic florigen antagonist from the non-floweringGinkgo biloba, which arrests SCWB and byMADSandMIFgenes downstream of florigen that similarly suppress or enhance, respectively, vascular maturation independent of flowering. We also show that florigen is remarkably stable and distributed to all organs regardless of existing endogenous levels. By accelerating SCWB, florigen reprograms the distribution of resources, signals and mechanical loads required for the ensuing reproductive phase it had originally set into motion.Developmental HighlightsFlorigen accelerates SCWB: A prime case for a long-range regulation of a complete metabolic network by a plant hormone.The dual acceleration of flowering and vascular maturation by Florigen provides a paradigm for a dynamic regulation of global, independent, developmental programs.The growth termination functions of florigen and the auto-regulatory mechanism for its production and distribution provide a communication network enveloping the shoot system.A stable florigen provides a possible mechanism for the quantitative regulation of floweringLateral stimulation of xylem differentiation links the phloem-travelling florigen with the annual rings in trunks.MADS genes are common relay partners in Florigen circuits; vascular maturation in stems and reproductive transition in apical meristems.

scholarly journals Ethylene signaling induces gelatinous layers with typical features of tension wood in hybrid aspen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Felten ◽  
Jorma Vahala ◽  
Jonathan Love ◽  
András Gorzsás ◽  
Markus Rüggeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Wild Type

SummaryResearch conductedThe phytohormone ethylene impacts secondary stem growth in plants by stimulating cambial activity, xylem development and fiber over vessel formation. Here we report the effect of ethylene on secondary cell wall formation and the molecular connection between ethylene signaling and wood formation.MethodsWe applied exogenous ethylene or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to wild type and ethylene insensitive hybrid aspen trees (Populus tremula x tremuloides) and studied secondary cell wall anatomy, chemistry and ultrastructure. We furthermore analyzed the transcriptome (RNA Seq) after ACC application to wild type and ethylene insensitive trees.Key resultsWe demonstrate that ACC and ethylene induce gelatinous-layers (G-layers) and alter the fiber cell wall cellulose microfibril angle. G-layers are tertiary wall layers rich in cellulose, typically found in tension wood of aspen trees. A vast majority of transcripts affected by ACC are downstream of ethylene perception and include a large number of transcription factors (TFs). Motif-analyses reveal potential connections between ethylene TFs (ERFs, EIN3/EIL1) and wood formation.ConclusionG-layer formation upon ethylene application suggests that the increase in ethylene biosynthesis observed during tension wood formation is important for its formation. Ethylene-regulated TFs of the ERF and EIN3/EIL1 type could transmit the ethylene signal.

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