scholarly journals Proteome Reference Maps of Vegetative Tissues in Pea. An Investigation of Nitrogen Mobilization from Leaves during Seed Filling

2004 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2241-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Schiltz ◽  
Karine Gallardo ◽  
Myriam Huart ◽  
Luc Negroni ◽  
Nicolas Sommerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Filling ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Nitrogen Mobilization ◽  
Proteome Reference Maps

Remobilisation of carbon and nitrogen supports seed filling in chickpea subjected to water deficit

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Davies ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
J. A. Palta ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
J. A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
C And N

In the Mediterranean-type environment of south-western Australia, pod filling of chickpea occurs when net photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation is low as a result of the onset of terminal drought. Remobilisation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from vegetative parts to developing seed may be an important alternative source of C and N for seed filling. The contribution of stored pre-podding C and N to seed filling was studied by labelling the vegetative tissues with the stable isotopes, 13C and 15N, prior to podding and following their subsequent movement to the seed. In ICCV88201, an advanced desi breeding line, 9% of the C and 67% of the N in the seed were derived from pre-podding C and N in well-watered plants compared with 13% of the seed C and 88% of the seed N in water-stressed plants. Furthermore, the contribution of pre-podding C and N was higher for earlier set compared with later set seeds. Pre-podding C and N were derived predominantly from the leaves with relatively little from the stems, roots, and pod walls. Genotypic variation in remobilisation ability was identified in contrasting desi (Tyson) and kabuli (Kaniva) cultivars. In well-watered Tyson, 9% of the seed C and 85% of the seed N were remobilised from vegetative tissues compared with 7% of the seed C and 62% of seed N in well-watered Kaniva. Water deficit decreased the amount of C remobilised by 3% in Tyson compared with 66% in Kaniva, whereas the total amount of N remobilised was decreased by 11% in Tyson and 48% in Kaniva. This was related to the maintenance of greater sink strength in Tyson, in which the number of filled pods was reduced by 66% in stressed plants compared with a 91% decrease in Kaniva. This indicates that better drought tolerance in desi genotypes is partly a consequence of better remobilisation and higher pod number. These studies show that C and N assimilated prior to podding can supplement the supply of current assimilates to the filling seed in both well-watered and water-stressed chickpea. Remobilisation of pre-podding N is an essential source of N for seed filling irrespective of environmental stress.

Yield and Reproductive Growth of Simulated and Field‐Grown Soybean I. Seed‐Filling Duration 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 966-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Salado‐Navarro ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Kuell Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Seed Filling

Effect of high temperature stress on seed filling and nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
K. PRAVALLIKA ◽  
C. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
A. VIJAYKUMAR ◽  
R. BEENA ◽  
V. G. JAYALEKSHMI
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Filling

scholarly journals Sink Strength Maintenance Underlies Drought Tolerance in Common Bean

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Amber Hageman ◽  
Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit ◽  
Water Limitations ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
Do So

Drought is a major limiter of yield in common bean, decreasing food security for those who rely on it as an important source of protein. While drought can have large impacts on yield by reducing photosynthesis and therefore resources availability, source strength is not a reliable indicator of yield. One reason resource availability does not always translate to yield in common bean is because of a trait inherited from wild ancestors. Wild common bean halts growth and seed filling under drought and awaits better conditions to resume its developmental program. This trait has been carried into domesticated lines, where it can result in strong losses of yield in plants already producing pods and seeds, especially since many domesticated lines were bred to have a determinate growth habit. This limits the plants ability to produce another flush of flowers, even if the first set is aborted. However, some bred lines are able to maintain higher yields under drought through maintaining growth and seed filling rates even under water limitations, unlike their wild predecessors. We believe that maintenance of sink strength underlies this ability, since plants which fill seeds under drought maintain growth of sinks generally, and growth of sinks correlates strongly with yield. Sink strength is determined by a tissue’s ability to acquire resources, which in turn relies on resource uptake and metabolism in that tissue. Lines which achieve higher yields maintain higher resource uptake rates into seeds and overall higher partitioning efficiencies of total biomass to yield. Drought limits metabolism and resource uptake through the signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) and its downstream affects. Perhaps lines which maintain higher sink strength and therefore higher yields do so through decreased sensitivity to or production of ABA.

scholarly journals The Maize Unstable factor for orange1 Is a Dominant Epigenetic Modifier of a Tissue Specifically Silent Allele of pericarp color1

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Chopra ◽  
Suzy M Cocciolone ◽  
Shaun Bushman ◽  
Vineet Sangar ◽  
Michael D McMullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Somatic Mosaicism ◽  
Methylation State ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Epigenetic Modifier ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Silent Allele ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Variable Penetrance

Abstract We have characterized Unstable factor for orange1 (Ufo1), a dominant, allele-specific modifier of expression of the maize pericarp color1 (p1) gene. The p1 gene encodes an Myb-homologous transcriptional activator of genes required for biosynthesis of red phlobaphene pigments. The P1-wr allele specifies colorless kernel pericarp and red cobs, whereas Ufo1 modifies P1-wr expression to confer pigmentation in kernel pericarp, as well as vegetative tissues, which normally do not accumulate significant amounts of phlobaphene pigments. In the presence of Ufo1, P1-wr transcript levels and transcription rate are increased in kernel pericarp. The P1-wr allele contains approximately six p1 gene copies present in a hypermethylated and multicopy tandem array. In P1-wr Ufo1 plants, methylation of P1-wr DNA sequences is reduced, whereas the methylation state of other repetitive genomic sequences was not detectably affected. The phenotypes produced by the interaction of P1-wr and Ufo1 are unstable, exhibiting somatic mosaicism and variable penetrance. Moreover, the changes in P1-wr expression and methylation are not heritable: meiotic segregants that lack Ufo1 revert to the normal P1-wr expression and methylation patterns. These results demonstrate the existence of a class of modifiers of gene expression whose effects are associated with transient changes in DNA methylation of specific loci.

scholarly journals Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hendgen ◽  
Stefan Günther ◽  
Sven Schubert ◽  
Otmar Löhnertz
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Leaf Transcriptome ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
N Remobilization ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Mobilization ◽  
Leaf N

Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as Vitis vinifera, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes.

Desiccation Tolerance: Avoiding Cellular Damage During Drying and Rehydration

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Oliver ◽  
Jill M. Farrant ◽  
Henk W.M. Hilhorst ◽  
Sagadevan Mundree ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

Desiccation of plants is often lethal but is tolerated by the majority of seeds and by vegetative tissues of only a small number of land plants. Desiccation tolerance is an ancient trait, lost from vegetative tissues following the appearance of tracheids but reappearing in several lineages when selection pressures favored its evolution. Cells of all desiccation-tolerant plants and seeds must possess a core set of mechanisms to protect them from desiccation- and rehydration-induced damage. This review explores how desiccation generates cell damage and how tolerant cells assuage the complex array of mechanical, structural, metabolic, and chemical stresses and survive.Likewise, the stress of rehydration requires appropriate mitigating cellular responses. We also explore what comparative genomics, both structural and responsive, have added to our understanding of cellular protection mechanisms induced by desiccation, and how vegetative desiccation tolerance circumvents destructive, stress-induced cell senescence.

scholarly journals Ectopic overexpression of a type-II DGAT (CeDGAT2-2) derived from oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus enhances accumulation of oil and oleic acid in tobacco leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Huiling Gao ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Tag Biosynthesis

Abstract Background Engineering triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in vegetative tissues of non-food crops has become a promising way to meet our increasing demand for plant oils, especially the renewable production of biofuels. The most important target modified in this regard is diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme responsible for the final rate-limiting step in TAG biosynthesis. Cyperus esculentus is a unique plant largely accumulating oleic acid-enriched oil in its underground tubers. We speculated that DGAT derived from such oil-rich tubers could function more efficiently than that from oleaginous seeds in enhancing oil storage in vegetative tissues of tobacco, a high-yielding biomass crops. Results Three CeDGAT genes namely CeDGAT1, CeDGAT2-1 and CeDGAT2-2 were identified in C. esculentus by mining transcriptome of developing tubers. These CeDGATs were expressed in tissues tested, with CeDGAT1 highly in roots, CeDGAT2-1 abundantly in leaves, and CeDGAT2-2 predominantly in tubers. Notably, CeDGAT2-2 expression pattern was in accordance with oil dynamic accumulation during tuber development. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 functionally restored TAG biosynthesis in TAG-deficient yeast mutant H1246. Oleic acid level was significantly increased in CeDGAT2-2 transgenic yeast compared to the wild-type yeast and ScDGA1-expressed control under culture with and without feeding of exogenous fatty acids. Overexpressing CeDGAT2-2 in tobacco led to dramatic enhancements of leafy oil by 7.15- and 1.7-fold more compared to the wild-type control and plants expressing Arabidopsis seed-derived AtDGAT1. A substantial change in fatty acid composition was detected in leaves, with increase of oleic acid from 5.1% in the wild type to 31.33% in CeDGAT2-2-expressed tobacco and accompanied reduction of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the elevated accumulation of oleic acid-enriched TAG in transgenic tobacco exhibited no significantly negative impact on other agronomic traits such as photosynthesis, growth rates and seed germination except for small decline of starch content. Conclusions The present data indicate that CeDGAT2-2 has a high enzyme activity to catalyze formation of TAG and a strong specificity for oleic acid-containing substrates, providing new insights into understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in plant vegetative tissues. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 alone can significantly increase oleic acid-enriched oil accumulation in tobacco leaves without negative impact on other agronomy traits, showing CeDGAT2-2 as the desirable target gene in metabolic engineering to enrich oil and value-added lipids in high-biomass plants for commercial production of biofuel oils.

Aboveground Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Partitioning in Common Vetch during Seed Filling

1998 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caballero ◽  
A. Rebolé ◽  
C. Barro ◽  
C. Alzueta ◽  
L. T. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Seed Filling
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