scholarly journals The Identification of Candidate Genes for a Reverse Genetic Analysis of Development and Function in the Arabidopsis Gynoecium

2003 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Scutt ◽  
Marion Vinauger-Douard ◽  
Chloé Fourquin ◽  
Jérôme Ailhas ◽  
Norihito Kuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Distribution and Functions of Monodehydroascorbate Reductases in Plants: Comprehensive Reverse Genetic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Enzymes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Mio Tanaka ◽  
Ryuki Takahashi ◽  
Akane Hamada ◽  
Yusuke Terai ◽  
Takahisa Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Peroxisomal Membrane ◽  
And Function

Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzyme involved in ascorbate recycling. Arabidopsis thaliana has five MDAR genes that encode two cytosolic, one cytosolic/peroxisomal, one peroxisomal membrane-attached, and one chloroplastic/mitochondrial isoform. In contrast, tomato plants possess only three enzymes, lacking the cytosol-specific enzymes. Thus, the number and distribution of MDAR isoforms differ according to plant species. Moreover, the physiological significance of MDARs remains poorly understood. In this study, we classify plant MDARs into three classes: class I, chloroplastic/mitochondrial enzymes; class II, peroxisomal membrane-attached enzymes; and class III, cytosolic/peroxisomal enzymes. The cytosol-specific isoforms form a subclass of class III and are conserved only in Brassicaceae plants. With some exceptions, all land plants and a charophyte algae, Klebsormidium flaccidum, contain all three classes. Using reverse genetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking one or more isoforms, we provide new insight into the roles of MDARs; for example, (1) the lack of two isoforms in a specific combination results in lethality, and (2) the role of MDARs in ascorbate redox regulation in leaves can be largely compensated by other systems. Based on these findings, we discuss the distribution and function of MDAR isoforms in land plants and their cooperation with other recycling systems.

scholarly journals Characterization With Gene Mutations in Han Chinese Patients With Hypospadias and Function Analysis of a Novel AR Genevariant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifen Chen ◽  
Junqi Wang ◽  
Wenli Lu ◽  
Yuan Xiao ◽  
Jihong Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
And Function

It is estimated that around 10–20% of hypospadias are caused by genetic abnormalities worldwide although the spectrum of associated genes does vary across different ethnicities. The prevalence of hypospadias among the Chinese population has been increasing the last couple of decades. However, the pathogenesis underlying the disease and its associated genetic abnormality remains unclear. Here we performed a genetic analysis of 81 children with karyotype 46, XY and the hypospadias phenotype in order to characterize the genetic components that contribute to the development of hypospadias in Chinese patients. 15 candidate genes, including sex determination genes-SOX9, SRY, NR0B1 (DAX1), NR5A1 (SF1), DHH, sex differentiation genes-AR, SRD5A2, MAMLD1, INSL3, and hypospadias-associated genes-FGF8, FGF10, BMP4, BMP7, ATF3, and MID1 were screened by using next generation sequencing. A total of 18 patients were found to have mutations identified by PCR and sequencing, including 11 cases of SRD5A2 genes, 6 cases of AR genes, and 1 case of MID1 gene, respectively. One novel missense mutation p.I817N was discovered in AR gene. Further molecular analysis found that subcellular localization of the ARI817N was the same as that of wild type ARWT in the absence or presence of hormone. But it led to 50% reduction in AR-induced transcriptional activity in the presence of either the synthetic androgen R1881 or the natural ligand dihydrotestosterone. Our results indicate that SRD5A2 and AR genes are two top candidate genes associated with 46, XY hypospadias in Chinese patients. Further epidemiological and genetic analysis are still needed to further clarify the pathogenesis of hypospadias in Han Chinese patients.

scholarly journals Microinjection of mRNA or morpholinos for reverse genetic analysis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Layden ◽  
Eric Röttinger ◽  
Francis S Wolenski ◽  
Thomas D Gilmore ◽  
Mark Q Martindale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Reverse Genetic

scholarly journals Reverse Genetic Analysis of the Transcription Regulatory Sequence of the Coronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 6061-6066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher M. Curtis ◽  
Boyd Yount ◽  
Amy C. Sims ◽  
Ralph S. Baric
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽  
Discontinuous Transcription

ABSTRACT Coronavirus discontinuous transcription uses a highly conserved sequence (CS) in the joining of leader and body RNAs. Using a full-length infectious construct of transmissable gastroenteritis virus, the present study demonstrates that subgenomic transcription is heavily influenced by upstream flanking sequences and supports a mechanism of transcription attenuation that is regulated in part by a larger domain composed of primarily upstream flanking sequences which select appropriately positioned CS elements for synthesis of subgenomic RNAs.

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