scholarly journals 31P Relaxation Responses Associated with N2/O2 Diffusion in Soybean Nodule Cortical Cells and Excised Cortical Tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1682-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Pfeffer ◽  
Dominique B. Rolin ◽  
Thomas F. Kumosinski ◽  
Janet S. MacFall ◽  
Julian H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Soybean Nodule ◽  
31P Relaxation ◽  
O2 Diffusion ◽  
Relaxation Responses

Gap junctions and electrotonic coupling in foetal rabbit adrenal cortical cells

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-696
Author(s):  
T. Joseph ◽  
C. Slack ◽  
R. P. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

In an electron-microscope study of the developing rabbit adrenal gland numerous gap junctions and desmosomes were identified between the cortical cells, particularly in the juxtamedullary cortical tissue. An electrophysiological examination of the cortical cells showed them to be electrotonically coupled. Such couplings were more frequently found in the juxtamedullary cortical tissue than in the outer cortex.

scholarly journals Chloride Fluxes in Cells of the Isolated Root Cortex of Zea Mays

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Cram
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Isolated Cortex ◽  
In Cells

Isolated maize root cortical tissue is used to eliminate stelar complications in measuring fluxes. Comparison of isolated cortex and whole root segments shows that the cortex is not damaged by separation from the stele, that the initial influx estimate of the plasmalemma influx in cortical cells of whole roots

scholarly journals Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Developing Human Cortical Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline G. Andrews ◽  
Tanzila Mukhtar ◽  
Ugomma C. Eze ◽  
Camille R. Simoneau ◽  
Yonatan Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Cortical Astrocytes ◽  
Organ Systems

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) readily infects a variety of cell types impacting the function of vital organ systems, with particularly severe impact on respiratory function. It proves fatal for one percent of those infected. Neurological symptoms, which range in severity, accompany a significant proportion of COVID-19 cases, indicating a potential vulnerability of neural cell types. To assess whether human cortical cells can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2, we utilized primary human cortical tissue and stem cell-derived cortical organoids. We find significant and predominant infection in cortical astrocytes in both primary and organoid cultures, with minimal infection of other cortical populations. Infected astrocytes had a corresponding increase in reactivity characteristics, growth factor signaling, and cellular stress. Although human cortical cells, including astrocytes, have minimal ACE2 expression, we find high levels of alternative coronavirus receptors in infected astrocytes, including DPP4 and CD147. Inhibition of DPP4 reduced infection and decreased expression of the cell stress marker, ARCN1. We find tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human astrocytes mediated by DPP4, resulting in reactive gliosis-type injury.

Histopathology and histochemistry of sugar beet seedlings resistant and susceptible to Aphanomyces cochlioides

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Hyphae were observed within diseased cortical tissue of hypocotyl lesions of both the susceptible and the resistant varieties but were not detected in symptomless tissues in advance of lesion margins. Hyphae ramified extensively intercellularly and, to a lesser extent, intracellularly. Only in severely diseased beets were hyphae found within the stele. Protoplasts of cortical cells in proximity to hyphae appeared to lose turgor early in pathogenesis; then the cells collapsed and cortical tissue was apparently macerated. Histochemically, cell wall constituents (pectin, hemicellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, suberin, and cutin) were little changed in diseased beets as compared with healthy beets. Peroxidase and (at times) phenolase activity increased and phenols and quinones accumulated in the stele of diseased plants (adjacent to lesions) to levels above those found in healthy plants. Possibly these phenols and quinones may inhibit colonization of stelar tissues. No differences in accumulation or localization of these substances in the resistant as compared with the susceptible beet varieties were detected by histochemical methods.

The adrenal homologues in the lungfish Protopterus

1950 ◽  
Vol 137 (889) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Chemical Technique ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Medullary Cells

No tissue representing the cortex of the adrenal gland has yet been described in the Dipnoi, though it is known in elasmobranchs and in all tetrapod vertebrates. In the mammalian adrenal, lipine-containing inclusions give the cortical cells a char­acteristic appearance at certain stages of their life history. All those viscera of Protopterus which might be suspected of containing cortical tissue were studied in sections by a histo-chemical technique specific for phospholipines. Large intracellular droplets containing phospholipine were demonstrated in a tissue widely distributed around the kidneys, gonads and dorsal aorta throughout the body cavity. The medullary homologue was identified by the chromaffin reaction, and proved to lie, as stated by Giacomini, in the walls of the intercostal branches of the dorsal aorta. The innerva­tion of these medullary cells, from the sympathetic chains, was demonstrated by a silver method. It is suggested that the lipine-containing tissue is that which became the cortex of tetrapods. Its distribution in Protopterus, and its relations with the medullary cells, are such that the elasmobranch and tetrapod adrenals could be derived from it by varying degrees of suppression and migration of the tissues. Amongst Amphibia the adrenal of the Gymnophiona is most similar in arrangement to that of Protopterus . The lipine tissue is so situated as to be readily available for biochemical and endocrinological studies.

Neonatal adrenal cortex: Intercellular permeability to the nickel nitrate

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Ramón Piezzi ◽  
Luis Gutiérrez ◽  
Teresa Fogal
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Cardiac Left Ventricle

The adrenal gland of the rat shows gradual changes during its growth and differentiation. During the first days of life there is a decrease of adrenal weight and cortical volume. During this period the cell-to-cell attachments of the cortical tissue and the permeability of the intercellular spaces to the markers during that period has not received special attention. The purpose of this work is to describe in the neonatal cortex: 1) The permeability of the intercellular spaces to the nickel nitrate used as marker, and 2) Some structural observations of the zone of cellular adhesion between cortical cells. The marker fills the lumen of microcanaliculi. With this purpose the following procedure are made: Adrenal gland of twenty Wistar rats of 1,4,10 and 90 days of age are used. In the day of sacrifice both glands are dissected after perfusion with nickel-glutaraldehyde via cannulation of cardiac left ventricle. The nickel-glutaraldehyde is prepared by dissolving 1 g of nickel nitrate in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. After perfusion, fragments of the glands are refixed in 1% osmium K-ferrocyanide and processed by TEM.

Host–endophyte interactions in effective and ineffective nodules induced by the endophyte of Myrica gale

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2898-2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. VandenBosch ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Infected Cells

Suspensions of crushed root nodules of Myrica gale containing the actinomycete Frankia induced nodule formation on roots of seedlings of M. gale and Comptonia peregrina grown in nutrient water culture. Nodules formed on M. gale were normal in structure and exhibited nitrogenase activity (measured as acetylene reduction) and provided the necessary nitrogen for seedling development. These effective nodules showed typical external and internal structure with the endophyte developing both vesicles and sporangia within cortical cells of the host tissue. Small nodules formed on C. peregrina representing the primary nodule stage. They lacked nitrogenase activity and were termed ineffective. Vesicles failed to develop within these ineffective nodules. However, sporangia were formed in infected cells and within intercellular spaces of the nodule cortical tissue. In addition, prominent amyloplasts occurred in infected cells of the ineffective nodules, a feature lacking in effective nodules. Exogenously supplied combined nitrogen increased seedling growth but did not improve nodule development or endophyte morphogenesis in the ineffective nodules.

Incompetence of stem epidermal cells to dedifferentiate and graft

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan B. Walker ◽  
David K. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Tissue Responses

An intact mature epidermis precluded formation of approach grafts of stems of five angiospermous species. When the epidermis was excised, unsclerified cortical tissue exhibited tissue responses resulting in wound closure, including cell dedifferentiation and redifferentiation into callus tissue. Removal of the epidermis from both partners resulted in a graft union. Cortical callus tissue proliferated and coalesced to bind the partners. None of these responses associated with grafting or wound closure occurred in either epidermal or subepidermal tissue in intact partners. Whereas cortical cells adjacent to a cut region reacted in a similar way to those underlying the cut, neighboring epidermal cells were usually unaltered. This developmental quiescence of epidermal cells is a unique characteristic, useful in studies of epidermal differentiation and determination.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

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