Measurement of the Earth's Gravity Gradient with an Atom Interferometer-Based Gravity Gradiometer

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Snadden ◽  
J. McGuirk ◽  
P. Bouyer ◽  
K. Haritos ◽  
M. Kasevich
Keyword(s):  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer

The space-wise approach for cold-atom interferometry geodetic data analysis: the MOCASS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Migliaccio ◽  
Mirko Reguzzoni ◽  
Khulan Batsukh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Cold Atom ◽  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Geodetic Data ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Gradients ◽  
The Earth

<p>In recent years, an innovative mission concept has been proposed for gravity measurements with the aim of continuously monitoring the Earth gravity and its changes. The concept is based on a satellite-borne interferometer exploiting ultra-cold atom technology. Among other studies, a team of researchers from Italian universities and research institutions proposed and carried out the MOCASS project, to investigate the performance of a cold atom interferometer flying on a low Earth orbiter and its impact on the modeling of different geophysical phenomena.</p><p>In this study, the basic idea was that of a GOCE follow-on mission, with a unique spacecraft carrying an instrument capable of measuring functionals of the Earth gravitational potential. The geodetic data analysis of the gravity gradient data attainable by such a mission was carried out following the space-wise approach developed at Politecnico di Milano. The mathematical model for the processing of the MOCASS data was formulated, including the filtering strategy applied to take into account the cold atom interferometer transfer function. Numerical simulations were performed, with different configurations of the satellite orbit and pointing mode of the interferometer; data were simulated for two cases: (i) a single-arm gradiometer observing T<sub>xx</sub> or T<sub>yy</sub> or T<sub>zz </sub>gradients; (ii) a double-arm gradiometer observing T<sub>xx </sub>and T<sub>zz </sub>gradients or T<sub>yy </sub>and T<sub>zz</sub> gradients. The results of the simulations will be illustrated, showing the applicability of the proposed concept and the neat improvement in modeling the static gravity field with respect to GOCE.</p><p>Moreover, a new study called MOCAST+ has been lately started proposing an enhanced cold atom interferometer which can deliver not only gravity gradients but also time measurements. The study will investigate whether this could give the possibility of improving the estimation of gravity models even at low harmonic degrees, with inherent advantages in the modeling of mass transport and its global variations: this will represent fundamental information, e.g. in the study of variations in the hydrological cycle and relative mass exchange between atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and solid Earth.</p>

Denoising of gravity gradient data using an equivalent source technique

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. G67-G79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cericia Martinez ◽  
Yaoguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Noise Estimation ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer ◽  
Equivalent Source ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Multicomponent Data

The inherent relationship among different components of gravity gradiometer data requires applied processing to be consistent among the components. This restricts the applicability of some traditional potential-field processing techniques, but it highlights opportunities for methods uniquely suited for such data sets. The equivalent source technique is one such method. We have applied fast equivalent source construction to two aspects of gravity gradient data processing. First, we denoised multicomponent data and obtained estimates of the incoherent errors for the observations. Second, we have proposed a method that can be used to estimate errors associated with the denoised data. Through synthetic and field examples, we have evaluated the effectiveness of equivalent source processing for denoising and noise estimation.

scholarly journals Simultaneous measurement of gravity acceleration and gravity gradient with an atom interferometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 114106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sorrentino ◽  
A. Bertoldi ◽  
Q. Bodart ◽  
L. Cacciapuoti ◽  
M. de Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Acceleration

Development of an atom-interferometer gravity gradiometer for gravity measurement from space

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu ◽  
J.M. Kohel ◽  
J.R. Kellogg ◽  
L. Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Gravity Measurement ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer

scholarly journals Sensitivity limits of a Raman atom interferometer as a gravity gradiometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sorrentino ◽  
Q. Bodart ◽  
L. Cacciapuoti ◽  
Y.-H. Lien ◽  
M. Prevedelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer

scholarly journals Interferometry in an Atomic Fountain with Ytterbium Bose–Einstein Condensates

Atoms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Daniel Gochnauer ◽  
Tahiyat Rahman ◽  
Anna Wirth-Singh ◽  
Subhadeep Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Potential ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Atom Interferometer ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Velocity Spread ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Bose Einstein

We present enabling experimental tools and atom interferometer implementations in a vertical “fountain” geometry with ytterbium Bose–Einstein condensates. To meet the unique challenge of the heavy, non-magnetic atom, we apply a shaped optical potential to balance against gravity following evaporative cooling and demonstrate a double Mach–Zehnder interferometer suitable for applications such as gravity gradient measurements. Furthermore, we also investigate the use of a pulsed optical potential to act as a matter wave lens in the vertical direction during expansion of the Bose–Einstein condensate. This method is shown to be even more effective than the aforementioned shaped optical potential. The application of this method results in a reduction of velocity spread (or equivalently an increase in source brightness) of more than a factor of five, which we demonstrate using a two-pulse momentum-space Ramsey interferometer. The vertical geometry implementation of our diffraction beams ensures that the atomic center of mass maintains overlap with the pulsed atom optical elements, thus allowing extension of atom interferometer times beyond what is possible in a horizontal geometry. Our results thus provide useful tools for enhancing the precision of atom interferometry with ultracold ytterbium atoms.

Interpreting the direction of the gravity gradient tensor eigenvectors: Their relation to curvature parameters of the gravity field

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. G49-G57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Equipotential Surface ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Tidal Force ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Gradient Tensor ◽  
Gravity Gradient Tensor ◽  
Canning Basin

Rotating the gravity gradient tensor about a vertical axis by an appropriate angle allows one to express its components as functions of the curvatures of the equipotential surface. The description permits the identification of the gravity gradient tensor as the Newtonian tidal tensor and part of the tidal potential. The identification improves the understanding and interpretation of gravity gradient data. With the use of the plunge of the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue or plunge of the main tidal force, it is possible to estimate the location and depth of buried gravity sources; this is developed in model data and applied to FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer data from the Canning Basin, Australia.

Application of curvatures to airborne gravity gradient data in oil exploration

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. G81-G88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cevallos ◽  
Peter Kovac ◽  
Sharon J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Equipotential Surface ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Canning Basin ◽  
Geologic Interpretation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Differential Curvature

We apply equipotential surface curvatures to airborne gravity gradient data. The mean and differential curvature of the equipotential surface, the curvature of the gravity field line, the zero contour of the Gaussian curvature, and the shape index improve the understanding and geologic interpretation of gravity gradient data. Their use is illustrated in model data and applied to FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer data from the Canning Basin, Australia.

The Design for Twelve-Accelerometer Gravity Gradiometer

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Feng Ming Liu ◽  
Hai Jing Yuan ◽  
Hong Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gravity Gradiometer ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
New Type ◽  
Design And Manufacture

The design and manufacture for GGI are different and only several countries have the ability to produce it. Devising the feasible scheme for gravity gradiometer is the primary question.In this paper, a new type of GGI is designed using twelve accelerometers. First, the mathematical relationship between the accelerometer and GGI is derived and the method to separate the angular velocity and gravity gradient is disscussed. Second, the model of twelve-accelerometer gravity gradiometer is provided. Third, the estimation of angular velocity is analyzed when the GGI is installed in the form of strapdown or stabilized state. Finally, it is concluded that a new type of inertial navigation system using gravity gradiometers will be configured when it becomes possible to precisely measure gravity gradient.

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