scholarly journals Growth of respiratory droplets in cold and humid air

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Shen Ng ◽  
Kai Leong Chong ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Mogeng Li ◽  
Roberto Verzicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humid Air ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

Role of Rasayan Churna in outbreak of Covid -19 as preventive and curative aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1208-1212
Author(s):  
Amol Madhav Deshpande ◽  
Mayuri Amol Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Diseased Person ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Immune Booster ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

In last two decade world suffer with three epidemic diseases like SARS-CoV, H1N1 influenza, MERS –CoV and presently the world under a pandemic of Covid-19, out of these SARS-CoV, MERS –CoV and Covid-19 are form the same virus call as corona, which primary present on bats and transferred from animal to human, and then it transfer from human to human mostly by respiratory droplets or in the direct contact with the diseased person, these recurrent infection of corona virus is the burning issue in the word, so to avoid these recurrent infections good habitual behaviour with regular immune booster medicine should be taken which can be used in both normal and symptomatic patient for this Rasayan churna  is the best drug of choice as it is used for  rejuvenation therapy. From literally study from various recourses it is found that Rasayan churna have property anti-depressant, anti-xylotic, Immunomodulatory, Anti-diabetes, anti hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, Anti-toxic effects, Anti-arthritic, Anti-cancer effects, Anti-microbial effect, and Anti-oxidant which can be useful in preventive aspect of Covid -19 in all phase like normal individual, also can be used in asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients, clinical study can be performed for the same to evaluate the result.

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Tungsten Oxide Based Sensor for Oxygen Detection

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangi Sari ◽  
Simon Leigh ◽  
James Covington
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
High Response ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Detection

In this paper we report on the development tungsten oxide based chemiresistive sensors for the monitoring of oxygen at low temperatures (T ≤ 400 °C) in dry and humid air. The sensors were deposited onto alumina substrate by a combination of spin coating and a photolithographic process to define the sensing area. Our results show that the sensors comply with a linear relationship over a 0 to 20% concentration range, with a high response towards oxygen. The highest response was observed at 350 °C (ΔR/Ra = 7.8) in humid and in dry air (ΔR/Ra = 18). This result is a significant improvement over our previous experiments and we believe to take the concept of a metal-oxide based oxygen sensor a step closer.

scholarly journals Epicutaneous immunization with modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors generates superior T cell immunity against a respiratory viral challenge

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youdong Pan ◽  
Luzheng Liu ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Jingxia Zhao ◽  
Chang Ook Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Smallpox Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Challenge ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Route Of Delivery

AbstractModified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was recently approved as a smallpox vaccine. Variola is transmitted by respiratory droplets and MVA immunization by skin scarification (s.s.) protected mice far more effectively against lethal respiratory challenge with vaccinia virus (VACV) than any other route of delivery, and at lower doses. Comparisons of s.s. with intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular routes showed that MVAOVA s.s.-generated T cells were both more abundant and transcriptionally unique. MVAOVA s.s. produced greater numbers of lung Ova-specific CD8+ TRM and was superior in protecting mice against lethal VACVOVA respiratory challenge. Nearly as many lung TRM were generated with MVAOVA s.s. immunization compared to intra-tracheal immunization with MVAOVA and both routes vaccination protected mice against lethal pulmonary challenge with VACVOVA. Strikingly, MVAOVA s.s.-generated effector T cells exhibited overlapping gene transcriptional profiles to those generated via intra-tracheal immunization. Overall, our data suggest that heterologous MVA vectors immunized via s.s. are uniquely well-suited as vaccine vectors for respiratory pathogens, which may be relevant to COVID-19. In addition, MVA delivered via s.s. could represent a more effective dose-sparing smallpox vaccine.

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