Consistency equation hierarchy in single-field inflation models

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cortês ◽  
Andrew R. Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Consistency Equation ◽  
Single Field

Experiments in Bright-Field Imaging with Hollow-Cone Illumination

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
K. Weiss ◽  
E. Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Field Imaging

Bright-field images taken with axial illumination show spurious high contrast patterns which obscure details smaller than 15 ° Hollow-cone illumination (HCI), however, reduces this disturbing granulation by statistical superposition and thus improves the signal-to-noise ratio. In this presentation we report on experiments aimed at selecting the proper amount of tilt and defocus for improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by means of direct observation of the electron images on a TV monitor.Hollow-cone illumination is implemented in our microscope (single field condenser objective, Cs = .5 mm) by an electronic system which rotates the tilted beam about the optic axis. At low rates of revolution (one turn per second or so) a circular motion of the usual granulation in the image of a carbon support film can be observed on the TV monitor. The size of the granular structures and the radius of their orbits depend on both the conical tilt and defocus.

Connecting Gospels

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
Normative Status ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Shed Light

By the late second century, early Christian gospels had been divided into two groups by a canonical boundary that assigned normative status to four of them while consigning their competitors to the margins. The project of this volume is to find ways to reconnect these divided texts. The primary aim is not to address the question whether the canonical/non-canonical distinction reflects substantive and objectively verifiable differences between the two bodies of texts—although that issue may arise at various points. Starting from the assumption that, in spite of their differences, all early gospels express a common belief in the absolute significance of Jesus and his earthly career, the intention is to make their interconnectedness fruitful for interpretation. The approach taken is thematic and comparative: a selected theme or topic is traced across two or more gospels on either side of the canonical boundary, and the resulting convergences and divergences shed light not least on the canonical texts themselves as they are read from new and unfamiliar vantage points. The outcome is to demonstrate that early gospel literature can be regarded as a single field of study, in contrast to the overwhelming predominance of the canonical four characteristic of traditional gospels scholarship.

Variation in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Within Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Bhusal ◽  
R L Koch ◽  
A J Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

Abstract Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) has been a major pest of soybean in North America since its detection in this continent in 2000 and subsequent spread. Although several aphid resistance genes have been identified, at least four soybean aphid biotypes have been discovered, with three of them being virulent on soybean cultivars with certain soybean aphid resistance genes. These biotypes are known to vary across years and locations, but information on their variation within single fields is limited. An investigation was conducted to study the variation of soybean aphid biotypes within single townships and fields in Minnesota. Screening of 28 soybean aphid isolates collected from seven soybean fields (six soybean fields in Cairo and Wellington Townships of Renville County, MN and one field in Wilmar Township of Kandiyohi County, MN) revealed the existence of multiple known biotypes of soybean aphid within single fields of soybean. We found up to three biotypes of soybean aphid in a single field. Two biotypes were found in five fields while only one field had only a single biotype. Three isolates presented reactions on a panel of resistant and susceptible indicator lines that were different from known biotypes. These results highlight the importance of characterizing soybean aphid biotypes in small geographical areas and utilizing generated knowledge to develop soybean cultivars pyramided with multiple resistance genes. The outcome will be decreased use of insecticides, thereby improving economic and environmental sustainability of soybean production.

New Haemophilus influenzae Type b Control Strategy: Premature Commitment to Prophylaxis?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Mann ◽  
Harry F. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Single Field

Recent promulgation of an official policy on prevention of secondary cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease illustrates the challenges and frustrations inherent in the policy-making process. Despite evidence that H influenzae type b disease is "contagious" in households and probably also in day care centers and despite demonstration that rifampin eradicates nasopharyngeal H influenzae type b carriage, the single field study of rifampin use to prevent secondary cases of H influenzae type b disease remains unpublished and has yet to receive broad critical scrutiny. Promulgation of the rifampin strategy prior to publication of this critical study is unfortunate, as public and private providers are now committed to a policy that will be difficult to evaluate or alter. Now that the strategy has been issued, the central question regarding rifampin prophylaxis has changed from "Is this strategy effective?" to "Can this strategy be shown to be ineffective?" When policies are issued prior to publication of key supporting data, or when such studies are either missing or highly controversial, the policy-making committee might publish, along with its recommendations, explicit criteria for continuation, modification, or withdrawal of the new policy. This structured reassessment approach could accomodate the critical need to proceed with disease control recommendations—even though based on incomplete information—yet underscore the policy's tentative nature and provide direction for future assessment and study.

scholarly journals Matter bounce cosmology with a generalized single field: non-Gaussianity and an extended no-go theorem

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (03) ◽  
pp. 031-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Bin Li ◽  
Jerome Quintin ◽  
Dong-Gang Wang ◽  
Yi-Fu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Single Field

scholarly journals Basics of the electropiezoelasticity theory of piezoelectric motors with linear and rotary motion

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Przyborowski
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Piezoelectric Motors ◽  
Rotary Motors ◽  
General Mathematical Model ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

The paper presents the basics of the theory of electropiezoelasticity and adaptation of this theory to description of the simplest electromechanical converters − piezoelectric type electric motors. Because piezoelectricity and elasticity are coupled by complex piezoelasticity constitutive compounds, the formulation of a general mathematical model for these motors is not possible. Therefore, equations for structurally simple piezoelectric motors with linear and rotational motion have been formulated in the paper. Motors with linear movement are characterized by a flat or tube form. Rotary motors, on the other hand, have a cylindrical or disc-shaped form. The electric field, in the adopted forms of piezoelectric motors generating a piezoelectric effect, is a single-field perpendicular to the direction of motion. The determined equations could be simplified by reduction of some constitutive parameters, but it requires a detailed analysis of material compounds and consideration in the interactions of forces and torques in these motors, also strong piezoelectric stresses, which determine a specific kinetics. Keywords: piezoelectric motors with translational and rotary motion, equations of electric-piezoelasticity.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Blackeyed Cowpeas within California Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Smith ◽  
D. M. Helms ◽  
S. R. Temple ◽  
C. Frate
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Single Field ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt of blackeyed cowpeas has been known in California since the 1930s, and breeding for resistance to this disease pathogen has been a continuous effort. During the 1960s and 1970s, California Blackeye 5 (CB 5) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), a widely grown cultivar of the time, became increasingly diseased by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) Race 3 (2) throughout the growing regions of California. University of California cultivars CB 46 and CB 88 (1) were developed for resistance to Fot Races 1, 2, and 3. CB 46 is currently the principal blackeye cultivar grown on the majority of the acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. In 1989, a new race we designate “Fot Race 4” was isolated from wilted plants at a single field site in Stanislaus County. In years prior to identification, Fot Race 4 had caused severe wilt of CB 46 and CB 88 in this field. Even though the new Fot Race 4 remained confined to a small area for a number of years, sources of host plant resistance to Fot Race 4 were identified, hybridized, and screened, resulting in new progeny with desirable commercial agronomic characteristics. As observed in Stanislaus County, F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4 has the potential to cause serious crop damage, depending on virulence and soil inoculum levels, which may vary from year to year. In 1997 and 1998, an entirely different area in the southern San Joaquin Valley, about 140 miles from the original site in Stanislaus County, was found to have plants infected with Fot Race 4. Diseased plants were collected from patches in three separate CB 46 or CB 88 field sites in Tulare County. About 30 cultures were isolated from the diseased plants, which showed stunting, yellowing, and vascular discoloration. In greenhouse fusarium dip tests CB 46, CB 88, CB 5, and several Fot Race 4 resistant breeding lines were inoculated with all the collected isolates and evaluated. CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5 proved to be susceptible to these isolates, showing typical Fot Race 4 symptoms. The Fot Race 4 pathogen was then reisolated from greenhouse-grown, diseased stem tissue of CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilance and necessity of continual disease surveys. They serve as an early alert for the University of California breeding program, and validate local cooperation with University of California Extension Farm Advisors. As a result of this effort new cultivar candidates with resistance to Fot Race 4 are in the final phases of multi-year commercial testing. References: (1) D. M. Helms et al. Crop Sci. 31:1703, 1991. (2) K. S. Rigert and K. W. Foster. Crop Sci. 27:220, 1987.

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