Quantum-mechanical uncertainties in the measurement of mass, charge, spin, and multipole moments of a black hole

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3903-3905
Author(s):  
Hans C. Ohanian ◽  
Remo Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Multipole Moments

scholarly journals Wormhole calculus, replicas, and entropies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Giddings ◽  
Gustavo J. Turiaci
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Standard Description ◽  
Standard Quantum ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Baby Universes ◽  
Baby Universe

Abstract We investigate contributions of spacetime wormholes, describing baby universe emission and absorption, to calculations of entropies and correlation functions, for example those based on the replica method. We find that the rules of the “wormhole calculus”, developed in the 1980s, together with standard quantum mechanical prescriptions for computing entropies and correlators, imply definite rules for limited patterns of connection between replica factors in simple calculations. These results stand in contrast with assumptions that all topologies connecting replicas should be summed over, and call into question the explanation for the latter. In a “free” approximation baby universes introduce probability distributions for coupling constants, and we review and extend arguments that successive experiments in a “parent” universe increasingly precisely fix such couplings, resulting in ultimately pure evolution. Once this has happened, the nontrivial question remains of how topology-changing effects can modify the standard description of black hole information loss.

scholarly journals Particle absorption by black holes and the generalized second law of thermodynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 466 (2116) ◽  
pp. 1155-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽  
Particle Absorption ◽  
Generalized Second Law ◽  
Fundamental Physical

The change in entropy, Δ S , associated with the quasi-static absorption of a particle of energy ε by a Schwarzschild black hole (ScBH) is approximately ( ε / T )− s , where T is the Hawking temperature of the black hole and s is the entropy of the particle. Motivated by the statistical interpretation of entropy, it is proposed here that the absorption should be suppressed, but not forbidden, when Δ S <0, which requires the absorption cross section to be sensitive to Δ S . A purely thermodynamic formulation of the probability for the absorption is obtained from the standard relationship between microstates and entropy. If Δ S ≫1 and s ≪ ε / T , then the probability for the particle not to be absorbed is approximately exp[− ε / T ], which is identical to the probability for quantum mechanical reflection by the horizon of an ScBH. The manifestation of quantum behaviours in the new probability function may intimate a fundamental physical unity between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.

The interaction between a rotating, spherical shell of matter and a central black hole

1978 ◽  
Vol 362 (1711) ◽  
pp. 469-492
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Spherical Shell ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Multipole Moments ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Central Black Hole ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Axis Of Rotation

A method due to Chrzanowski, involving horizon multipole moments, is applied to the problem of a black hole perturbed by an enclosing, distant, spinning, spherical shell of matter. The hole, of mass M and angular momentum J = aM , is at the centre of the shell, their respective axes of rotation differing by an angle ξ. The matter-distribution on the shell is axisymmetric about its axis of rotation, but otherwise arbitrary, except that the total mass of the shell is small in comparison with M . The energy-momentum tensor of such a shell has been previously found by Bass & Pirani. Using their expression, we calculate the spin-down law for the black hole, correct to leading order in the inverse of the shell’s radius, and to second order in its angular velocity. The solution may be expressed in terms of the ‘electric’ and ‘magnetic’ components E αβ and B αβ of the Weyl tensor C ijkl , as calculated at the centre of the shell, in the absence of the black hole. For, denoting by J ∥ and J ⊥ the components of J parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the direction of spin of the shell, we have always d J ∥ /d t = 0 and 1/ J ⊥ d J ⊥ /d t =–4/15 M 3 ( E αβ E αβ + B αβ B αβ ) (1–3/4ã 2 +15/4ã 2 sin 2 ξ), where ã = a / M . This law is of theoretical interest. It shows points both of similarity to, and of difference from, the known laws describing the response of a black hole to (uniform) scalar and electromagnetic fields.

scholarly journals A New Solution of the Einstein-Maxwell Equations for a System with Mass, Magnetic Moment, Charge, and Angular momentum

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Louis Witten
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Black Hole Physics ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Multipole Moments ◽  
Asymptotically Flat

A five parameter solution of the combined Einstein-Maxwell equations is given which describes a source containing mass, electric charge, magnetic dipole, higher multipole moments of all three kinds, and angular momentum. The solution is asymptotically flat and has a singular infinite red shift surface. Possible relevance of the solution to black hole physics is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Multipole Moments in the Weak Field Limit of a Black Hole Plus Halo Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Fredy L. Dubeibe ◽  
Tareq Saeed ◽  
Euaggelos E. Zotos
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Multipole Moments ◽  
Field Limit ◽  
Weak Field Limit
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