scholarly journals Gluon dissociation ofJ/ψbeyond the dipole approximation

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Che Ming Ko ◽  
Taesoo Song
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Approximation

scholarly journals Aggregation affects optical properties and photothermal heating of gold nanospheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiru Wang ◽  
Zhe Gao ◽  
Zonghu Han ◽  
Yilin Liu ◽  
Huan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Dipole Approximation ◽  
Gold Nanospheres ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Photothermal Heating ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Laser Calorimetry

AbstractLaser heating of gold nanospheres (GNS) is increasingly prevalent in biomedical applications due to tunable optical properties that determine heating efficiency. Although many geometric parameters (i.e. size, morphology) can affect optical properties of individual GNS and their heating, no specific studies of how GNS aggregation affects heating have been carried out. We posit here that aggregation, which can occur within some biological systems, will significantly impact the optical and therefore heating properties of GNS. To address this, we employed discrete dipole approximation (DDA) simulations, Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and laser calorimetry on GNS primary particles with diameters (5, 16, 30 nm) and their aggregates that contain 2 to 30 GNS particles. DDA shows that aggregation can reduce the extinction cross-section on a per particle basis by 17–28%. Experimental measurement by UV–Vis and laser calorimetry on aggregates also show up to a 25% reduction in extinction coefficient and significantly lower heating (~ 10%) compared to dispersed GNS. In addition, comparison of select aggregates shows even larger extinction cross section drops in sparse vs. dense aggregates. This work shows that GNS aggregation can change optical properties and reduce heating and provides a new framework for exploring this effect during laser heating of nanomaterial solutions.

scholarly journals Two-color above-threshold and two-photon sequential double ionization beyond the dipole approximation

2015 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 012012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Grum-Grzhimailo ◽  
E V Gryzlova ◽  
E I Kuzmina ◽  
A S Chetverkina ◽  
S I Strakhova
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Approximation ◽  
Double Ionization ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Sequential Double Ionization
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