scholarly journals Effective shear and bulk viscosities for anisotropic flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Gardim ◽  
Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Flow

scholarly journals Modification to the Hawking temperature of a dynamical black hole by a flow-induced supertranslation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Wen Chiang ◽  
Yu-Hsien Kung ◽  
Pisin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Hawking Temperature ◽  
Asymptotic Region ◽  
Unruh Effect ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Information Loss Paradox ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History

Abstract One interesting proposal to solve the black hole information loss paradox without modifying either general relativity or quantum field theory, is the soft hair, a diffeomorphism charge that records the anisotropic radiation in the asymptotic region. This proposal, however, has been challenged, given that away from the source the soft hair behaves as a coordinate transformation that forms an Abelian group, thus unable to store any information. To maintain the spirit of the soft hair but circumvent these obstacles, we consider Hawking radiation as a probe sensitive to the entire history of the black hole evaporation, where the soft hairs on the horizon are induced by the absorption of a null anisotropic flow, generalizing the shock wave considered in [1, 2]. To do so we introduce two different time-dependent extensions of the diffeomorphism associated with the soft hair, where one is the backreaction of the anisotropic null flow, and the other is a coordinate transformation that produces the Unruh effect and a Doppler shift to the Hawking spectrum. Together, they form an exact BMS charge generator on the entire manifold that allows the nonperturbative analysis of the black hole horizon, whose surface gravity, i.e. the Hawking temperature, is found to be modified. The modification depends on an exponential average of the anisotropy of the null flow with a decay rate of 4M, suggesting the emergence of a new 2-D degree of freedom on the horizon, which could be a way out of the information loss paradox.

scholarly journals Constraining the Chiral Magnetic Effect with charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Acharya ◽  
◽  
D. Adamová ◽  
A. Adler ◽  
J. Adolfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Magnetic Effect ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Particle Correlations ◽  
Azimuthal Correlations ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect ◽  
Local Charge ◽  
Peripheral Collisions ◽  
Dependent Signal

Abstract Systematic studies of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV used to probe the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) are presented. These measurements are performed for charged particles in the pseudorapidity (η) and transverse momentum (pT) ranges |η| < 0.8 and 0.2 < pT< 5 GeV/c. A significant charge-dependent signal that becomes more pronounced for peripheral collisions is reported for the CME-sensitive correlators γ1, 1 = 〈cos(φα + φβ − 2Ψ2)〉 and γ1, − 3 = 〈cos(φα − 3φβ + 2Ψ2)〉. The results are used to estimate the contribution of background effects, associated with local charge conservation coupled to anisotropic flow modulations, to measurements of the CME. A blast-wave parametrisation that incorporates local charge conservation tuned to reproduce the centrality dependent background effects is not able to fully describe the measured γ1,1. Finally, the charge and centrality dependence of mixed-harmonics three-particle correlations, of the form γ1, 2 = 〈cos(φα + 2φβ − 3Ψ3)〉, which are insensitive to the CME signal, verify again that background contributions dominate the measurement of γ1,1.

scholarly journals Static ultrasonic welding of carbon fibre unidirectional thermoplastic materials and the influence of heat generation and heat transfer

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832097681
Author(s):  
F Köhler ◽  
IF Villegas ◽  
C Dransfeld ◽  
A Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Squeeze Flow ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Edge Defects

Ultrasonic welding is a promising technology to join fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites. While current studies are mostly limited to fabric materials the applicability to unidirectional materials, as found in aerospace structures, would offer opportunities for joining primary aircraft structures. However, due to the highly anisotropic flow of a molten unidirectional ply undesired squeeze flow phenomena can occur at the edges of the weld overlap. This paper investigates how the fibre orientation in the plies adjacent to the weld line influences the welding process and the appearance of edge defects. Ultrasonic welding experiments with different layups and energy director configurations were carried out while monitoring temperatures at different locations inside and outside the weld overlap. The joints were characterized by single lap shear tests, analysis of corresponding fracture surfaces and microscopic cross-sections. Results showed that the anisotropic flow and the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the plies adjacent to the weld line have a distinct effect on the appearance and location of edge defects. By using energy directors that cover only part of the weld overlap area a new approach was developed to mitigate edge defects caused by the highly directional properties of the unidirectional plies.

Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
J. A. Brierley
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Total Salt Content ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
Capillary Movement ◽  
Zonal Soils

Miller, J. J. and Brierley, J. A. 2011. Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 889–902. Soils of the Solonetzic order are defined as having a Solonetzic B horizon designated as a Bn or Bnt horizon. The Solonetzic Order includes four great groups: Solonetz, Solodized Solonetz, Solod, and Vertic Solonetz. Solonetzic soils are thought to develop via the stepwise pedogenic processes of salinization, solonization (desalinzation and alkalization), and solodization. Soluble salts are brought into the soil pedon of Solonetzic soils by capillary movement and evaporation from spring to fall, and upward water flow from the water table to the freezing zone in the winter deposits salts upon freezing. Solonization proceeds when desalinization lowers the total salt content and alkalization is initiated by high exchangeable Na. Solodization occurs when anisotropic flow conditions or a change in vertical hydraulic gradients prevent capillary rise and replenishment of soluble Na in the Bn horizon. Two common Solonetzic catenas are found in the prairies. In the first sequence, Gleyed Solonetz or Solonetz occur in the depressional areas of the landscape, and soils then grade through Solodized Solonetz, Solods, and in some cases, Chernozems or normal zonal soils at higher elevations. In the second sequence, Solods are found in the lowest topographic position, while Solodized Solonetz, Solonetz and Chernozems are found at progressively higher slope positions. Solonetzic soils have unique properties that adversely affect their use for agriculture and other land uses (e.g., construction, septic systems). Further interdisciplinary research is required to better understand the genesis of these soils at the “meter scale” or local landscape level because of the extreme spatial variability of these soils.

scholarly journals Anisotropic flow in striped superhydrophobic channels

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (19) ◽  
pp. 194706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Zhou ◽  
Aleksey V. Belyaev ◽  
Friederike Schmid ◽  
Olga I. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Flow
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