scholarly journals Phase diagram of the quantum electrodynamics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional Dirac semimetals

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. González
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dirac Semimetals

PHASE STRUCTURE OF QED3 AT FINITE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL AND TEMPERATURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN HE ◽  
HONG-TAO FENG ◽  
WEI-MIN SUN ◽  
HONG-SHI ZONG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Wave Function Renormalization

We study the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) of three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) at finite chemical potential and temperature in the framework of Dyson–Schwinger approach. Based on the rainbow approximation and assumption that the wave-function renormalization factor equals to one, the dynamically generated mass function is derived and then the corresponding phase diagram in the (T, μ) plane is obtained.

On the similarity of particle and photon tunneling and multiple internal reflections in one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional photon tunneling

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1460006 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Olkhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Field Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Equation ◽  
Photon Tunneling

The formal mathematical analogy between time-dependent quantum equation for the nonrelativistic particles and time-dependent equation for the propagation of electromagnetic waves had been studied in [A. I. Akhiezer and V. B. Berestezki, Quantum Electrodynamics (FM, Moscow, 1959) [in Russian] and S. Schweber, An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Field Theory, Chap. 5.3 (Row, Peterson & Co, Ill, 1961)]. Here, we deal with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for nonrelativistic particles and with time-dependent Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic waves. Then, using this similarity, the tunneling and multiple internal reflections in one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) particle and photon tunneling are studied. Finally, some conclusions and future perspectives for further investigations are presented.

scholarly journals Direct Growth of Antimonene on C-Plane Sapphire by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Minghui Gu ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Yuanfeng Ding ◽  
Kedong Zhang ◽  
Shunji Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Direct Growth

Monolayer antimony (antimonene) has been reported for its excellent properties, such as tuneable band gap, stability in the air, and high mobility. However, growing high quality, especially large-area antimonene, remains challenging. In this study, we report the direct growth of antimonene on c-plane sapphire substrate while using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We explore the effect of growth temperature on antimonene formation and present a growth phase diagram of antimony. The effect of antimony sources (Sb2 or Sb4) and a competing mechanism between the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) growth processes and the effects of adsorption and cracking of the source molecules are also discussed. This work offers a new method for growing antimonene and it provides ideas for promoting van der Waals epitaxy.

How dimensionality changes the anomalous behavior and melting scenario of a core-softened potential system?

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 4966-4976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Dudalov ◽  
Y. D. Fomin ◽  
E. N. Tsiok ◽  
V. N. Ryzhov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Computer Simulation Study ◽  
System P ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Classical Particles

We present a computer simulation study of the phase diagram and anomalous behavior of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) classical particles repelling each other through an isotropic core-softened potential.

FERMIONIC STRINGS AND THE EXACT SOLUTION OF EDGE MODELS IN THREE DIMENSIONS

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (14) ◽  
pp. 2401-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER ORLAND
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Conformal Anomaly ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vertex Model ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Roughening Transition ◽  
Exactly Solvable ◽  
Domain Of Parameters

A three-dimensional statistical system, called here the six-edge model, is shown, for a particular domain of parameters, to be equivalent to a theory of Fermionic strings. This model has a local U(1) gauge invariance, similiar to the global invariance of the two-dimensional six-vertex model. Further restricting the parameters gives a system named here the five-edge model, which is exactly solvable. The conformal anomaly of the surfaces is calculated. The transfer matrix is diagonalized, and the free energy, phase diagram and correlation length are determined exactly. The surfaces of the model display a roughening transition similiar to that analyzed by Blöte, Hilhorst and Nienhuis.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

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