Method for spatially resolved imaging of energy-dependent photoelectron diffraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 2452-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Tong ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
C. M. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Energy Dependent

Experimental Optimization for Imaging with Photoelectron Diffraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tobin ◽  
G. D. Waddill ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
S. Y. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Experimental Optimization ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Collection Time

AbstractThe experimental apparatus and its optimization for holographic imaging with energy dependent photoelectron diffraction are described. A substantial improvement in data taking efficiency has resulted, allowing total data collection time to be reduced to about twelve hours for a single image-map.

Energy-dependent nebula extent and spatially resolved spectra of the pulsar wind nebula 3C 58

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 1911-1919
Author(s):  
Fang-Wu Lu ◽  
Quan-Gui Gao ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Pulsar Wind ◽  
Energy Dependent

ABSTRACT 3C 58 is a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) that shows an interesting energy-dependent nebula extent and spatial variations of the photon index and surface brightness in the X-ray band. These observations provide useful information with which to study the spatially dependent radiative cooling of electrons and the energy-dependent transport mechanisms within the nebula. In this paper, the energy-dependent nebula extent and spatially resolved spectra of this PWN are investigated in the framework of a spatially dependent particle transport model. The observations of the nebula, including the photon spectral energy distribution, spatial variations of the X-ray spectrum, and measurements of the nebula extent, can be naturally explained in this model. Our results show that the energy-dependent nebula extent favours an advection–diffusion scenario with advection-dominated transport, and the variations of the nebula extent with energy in the X-ray band can be attributed to the cooling losses of high-energy electrons affected by synchrotron burn-off. Particle diffusion plays an important role in modifying the spatial variations of the photon index and surface brightness in the X-ray band. The radial extents of the nebula at radio, GeV and TeV energies are predicted by the model, indicating that the nebula extent of 3C 58 varies with energy in these bands. The analyses show that the dependence of the adiabatic cooling rate and synchrotron radiation on the spectral index of injected particles is important for changing the nebula extent at different energies.

scholarly journals Particle transport within the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825–137

2019 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. A116 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
H. Abdalla ◽  
F. Aharonian ◽  
F. Ait Benkhali ◽  
E. O. Angüner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Transport ◽  
Crab Nebula ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Pure Diffusion ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Pulsar Wind ◽  
Energy Dependent

Context. We present a detailed view of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825–137. We aim to constrain the mechanisms dominating the particle transport within the nebula, accounting for its anomalously large size and spectral characteristics. Aims. The nebula was studied using a deep exposure from over 12 years of H.E.S.S. I operation, together with data from H.E.S.S. II that improve the low-energy sensitivity. Enhanced energy-dependent morphological and spatially resolved spectral analyses probe the very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) γ-ray properties of the nebula. Methods. The nebula emission is revealed to extend out to 1.5° from the pulsar, ~1.5 times farther than previously seen, making HESS J1825–137, with an intrinsic diameter of ~100 pc, potentially the largest γ-ray PWN currently known. Characterising the strongly energy-dependent morphology of the nebula enables us to constrain the particle transport mechanisms. A dependence of the nebula extent with energy of R ∝ Eα with α = −0.29 ± 0.04stat ± 0.05sys disfavours a pure diffusion scenario for particle transport within the nebula. The total γ-ray flux of the nebula above 1 TeV is found to be (1.12 ± 0.03stat ± 0.25sys) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1, corresponding to ~64% of the flux of the Crab nebula. Results. HESS J1825–137 is a PWN with clearly energy-dependent morphology at VHE γ-ray energies. This source is used as a laboratory to investigate particle transport within intermediate-age PWNe. Based on deep observations of this highly spatially extended PWN, we produce a spectral map of the region that provides insights into the spectral variation within the nebula.

scholarly journals Magnetic X-Ray Circular Dichroism in Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Diffraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Waddill ◽  
J. G. Tobin ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
S. Y. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Structure ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Energy Dependent

AbstractThe first structural determination with spin-polarized, energy-dependent photoelectron diffraction using circularly-polarized x-rays is reported for Fe films on Cu(001). Circularly-polarized x-rays produce spin-polarized photoelectrons from the Fe 2p doublet, and intensity asymmetries in the 2p3/2 level are observed. Fully spin-specific multiple scattering calculations reproduce the experimentally-determined energy and angular dependences. A new analytical procedure which focuses upon intensity variations due to spin-dependent diffraction is introduced. A sensitivity to local geometric and magnetic structure is demonstrated.

Surface Core-Level Photoelectron Diffraction of Surface Reconstructions

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Rotenberg ◽  
J. D. Denlinger ◽  
S. D. Kevan ◽  
B. P. Tonner
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Core Level ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Experimental Surface ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Energy Dependent

AbstractExperimental surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) aid in understanding the roles of altered electronic and screening properties at reconstructed semiconductor surfaces.1 Because of unresolved theoretical issues, the assignment of SCLSs has often remained controversial even though the surface geometry has been completely determined with traditional probes.Angular- and energy-dependent x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) of each chemically resolved surface core-level electron can be used to discriminate the structure around each chemically shifted species. However, this technique requires tunability, high energy resolution to separate the SCLSs from the bulk core-levels, and high photon flux in order to gather large amounts of data in a reasonable time. Using the newly commissioned spectromicroscopy beamline 7.0 at the Advanced Light Source, we have acquired chemically-resolved XPD data for Si(111) 7×7 for several photon energies, and by examination of forward-focusing peaks we can draw tentative conclusions about the atomic origins of each core-level shifted peak.

scholarly journals Photoelectron Diffraction of Magnetic Ultrathin Films: Fe/Cu(001)

1990 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tobin ◽  
M. K. Wagner ◽  
X.-O. Guo ◽  
S. Y. Tong.
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Hollow Site ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Fcc Structure

ABSTRACTThe preliminary results of an ongoing investigation of Fe/Cu(001) are presented here. Energy dependent photoelectron diffraction, including the spin-dependent variant using the multiplet split Fe 3s state, is being used to investigate the nanoscale structures formed by near-monolayer deposits of Fe onto Cu(001). Core-level photoemission from the Fe3p and Fe3s states has been generated using synchrotron radiation as the tunable excitation source. Tentatively, a comparison of the experimental Fe3p cross section measurements with multiple scattering calculations indicates that the Fe is in a fourfold hollow site with a spacing of 3.6Å between it and the atom directly beneath it, in the third layer. This is consistent with an FCC structure. The possibility of utilizing spin-dleendent photoelectron diffraction to investigate magnetic ultrathin films will be demonstrated, using our preliminary spectra of the multiplet-split Fe3s of near-monolayer Fe/Cu(001).

Electron Channeling Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Bulk Single Crystal ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Large Bulk

Electron channeling patterns (ECP) were first found by Coates (1967) while observing a large bulk, single crystal of silicon in a scanning electron microscope. The geometric pattern visible was shown to be produced as a result of the changes in the angle of incidence, between the beam and the specimen surface normal, which occur when the sample is examined at low magnification (Booker, Shaw, Whelan and Hirsch 1967).A conventional electron diffraction pattern consists of an angularly resolved intensity distribution in space which may be directly viewed on a fluorescent screen or recorded on a photographic plate. An ECP, on the other hand, is produced as the result of changes in the signal collected by a suitable electron detector as the incidence angle is varied. If an integrating detector is used, or if the beam traverses the surface at a fixed angle, then no channeling contrast will be observed. The ECP is thus a time resolved electron diffraction effect. It can therefore be related to spatially resolved diffraction phenomena by an application of the concepts of reciprocity (Cowley 1969).

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