scholarly journals Experimental verification of a spin effect in photoemission: Polarized electrons due to phase-shift differences in the normal emission from Pt(100) by unpolarized radiation

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3849-3852 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Irmer ◽  
R. David ◽  
B. Schmiedeskamp ◽  
U. Heinzmann
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Spin Effect ◽  
Polarized Electrons ◽  
Unpolarized Radiation

Complete determination of polarization state in the hard X-ray region

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
K. Hirano ◽  
S. Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Electric Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complete Determination ◽  
Unpolarized Radiation

A new method for complete determination of polarization state in the hard X-ray region is described. The system consists of a perfect-crystal phase retarder and a linear polarization analyzer. This method gives not only the amplitude ratio of mutually perpendicular electric vector components and the phase shift between them but also the proportion of unpolarized radiation.

scholarly journals Verification of seiching processes in a large and deep lake (Trichonis, Greece)

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ZACHARIAS
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
Power Spectral

A computational analysis of the periods and structure of surface seiches of Lake Trichonis in Greece and its experimental verification from three simultaneous water gauge recordings, mounted along the shores in Myrtia, Panetolio and Trichonio is given. The first five theoretical modes are calculated with a finite difference code of tidal equations, which yield the eigenperiodes, co-range and co-tidal lines that are graphically displayed and discussed in detail.Experimental verifications are from recordings taken during spring. Visual observations of the record permit identification of the five lowest order modes, including inter station phase shift. Power spectral analysis of two time series and interstation phase difference and coherence spectra allow the identification of the same five modes. Agreement between the theoretically predicted and the experimentally determined periods was excellent for most of the calculated modes.

Experimental verification of PSM polarimetry: monitoring polarization at 193nm high-NA with phase shift masks

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory McIntyre ◽  
Andrew Neureuther ◽  
Steve Slonaker ◽  
Venu Vellanki ◽  
Patrick Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Experimental Verification

Object Wave Determination by Single-Sideband Methods

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Phase Object ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Single Sideband ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Under the “weak phase object” approximation, the component of the electron wave scattered by an object is phase shifted by π/2 with respect to the unscattered component. This phase shift has been confirmed for thin carbon films by many experiments dealing with image contrast and the contrast transfer theory. There is also an additional phase shift which is a function of the atomic number of the scattering atom. This shift is negligible for light atoms such as carbon, but becomes significant for heavy atoms as used for stains for biological specimens. The light elements are imaged as phase objects, while those atoms scattering with a larger phase shift may be imaged as amplitude objects. There is a great deal of interest in determining the complete object wave, i.e., both the phase and amplitude components of the electron wave leaving the object.

A Many-Beam Technique for Enhanced Resolution of Partial Dislocations

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
J. M. Oblak ◽  
B. H. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
Enhanced Resolution ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Beam Technique

The “weak-beam” and systematic many-beam techniques are the currently available methods for resolution of closely spaced dislocations or other inhomogeneities imaged through strain contrast. The former is a dark field technique and image intensities are usually very weak. The latter is a bright field technique, but generally use of a high voltage instrument is required. In what follows a bright field method for obtaining enhanced resolution of partial dislocations at 100 KV accelerating potential will be described.A brief discussion of an application will first be given. A study of intermediate temperature creep processes in commercial nickel-base alloys strengthened by the Ll2 Ni3 Al γ precipitate has suggested that partial dislocations such as those labelled 1 and 2 in Fig. 1(a) are in reality composed of two closely spaced a/6 <112> Shockley partials. Stacking fault contrast, when present, tends to obscure resolution of the partials; thus, conditions for resolution must be chosen such that the phase shift at the fault is 0 or a multiple of 2π.

Observation of surface morphology by reflection electron holography

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
N. Osakabe ◽  
J. Endo ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
Amplification Technique

Progress in microscopy such as STM and TEM-TED has revealed surface structures in atomic dimension. REM has been used for the observation of surface dynamical process and surface morphology. Recently developed reflection electron holography, which employes REM optics to measure the phase shift of reflected electron, has been proved to be effective for the observation of surface morphology in high vertical resolution ≃ 0.01 Å.The key to the high sensitivity of the method is best shown by comparing the phase shift generation by surface topography with that in transmission mode. Difference in refractive index between vacuum and material Vo/2E≃10-4 owes the phase shift in transmission mode as shownn Fig. 1( a). While geometrical path difference is created in reflection mode( Fig. 1(b) ), which is measured interferometrically using high energy electron beam of wavelength ≃0.01 Å. Together with the phase amplification technique , the vertivcal resolution is expected to be ≤0.01 Å in an ideal case.

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