scholarly journals Helicoidal excitonic phase in an electron-hole double-layer system

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ryuichi Shindou
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Double Layer System

scholarly journals Characteristics of Oceanic Warm Cloud Layers within Multilevel Cloud Systems Derived by Satellite Measurements

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Ding ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Ping Lao
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Cloud Systems ◽  
Warm Cloud ◽  
Double Layer System

Low-level warm clouds are a major component in multilayered cloud systems and they are generally hidden from the top-down view of satellites with passive measurements. This study conducts an investigation on oceanic warm clouds embedded in multilayered structures by using spaceborne radar data with fine vertical resolution. The occurrences of warm cloud overlapping and the geometric features of several kinds of warm cloud layers are examined. It is found that there are three main types of cloud systems that involve warm cloud layers, including warm single layer clouds, cold-warm double layer clouds, and warm-warm double layer clouds. The two types of double layer clouds account for 23% and in the double layer occurrences warm-warm double layer subsets contribute about 13%. The global distribution patterns of these three types differ from each other. Single-layer warm clouds and the lower warm clouds in the cold-warm double layer system they have nearly identical geometric parameters, while the upper and lower layer warm clouds in the warm-warm double layer system are distinct from the previous two forms of warm cloud layers. In contrast to the independence of the two cloud layers in cold-warm double layer system, the two kinds of warm cloud layers in the warm-warm double layer system may be coupled. The distance between the two layers in the warm-warm double layer system is weakly dependent on cloud thickness. Given the upper and lower cloud layer with moderate thickness of around 1 km, the cloudless gap reaches its maximum when exceeding 600 m. The cloudless gap decreases in thickness as the two cloud layers become even thinner or thicker.

scholarly journals Six-Year Evaluation of Thermal-Sprayed Coating of Zn/Al in Tropical Marine Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Salas ◽  
Oladis Troconis de Rincón ◽  
Daniela Rojas ◽  
Adriana Tosaya ◽  
Nathalie Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Double Layer System ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Very High

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of thermal-sprayed coating of Zn/Al (double layer) after six years of exposure, with and without the use of sealant (wash primer) in tropical marine environments of very high aggressiveness: La Voz Station (located at the Peninsula de Paraguaná/Falcón State) and Lake Maracaibo Crossing Station (located at Zulia State), in Venezuela. To that effect, carbon steel coupons (100 mm × 150 mm × 2 mm) were sprayed by flame process. The coupons were characterized by means of initial weight, thickness, metallographic, adherence, and roughness, being evaluated monthly by visual inspection during six years. After removal, the coupons were evaluated by microscopic analysis to determine the morphology of attack, microstructure, penetration of contaminants, composition, and morphology of corrosion products. The results showed that after six years, the double-layer system represents an excellent choice for corrosion protection of steel by combining the galvanic protection of zinc with the erosion resistance of aluminum. However, due to the erosion-corrosion effect, a sealant such as wash primer can be used in order to extend its service life.

Simulation of a humidity-sensitive double-layer system

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Gerlach ◽  
Karsten Sager ◽  
Andreas Schroth
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Double Layer System

Oceanic warm cloud layers within multilevel cloud systems observed by satellite measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Yuhao Ding ◽  
Ping Lao
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Cloud Systems ◽  
Warm Cloud ◽  
Double Layer System

<p>Low-level warm clouds are a major component in multilayered cloud systems and are generally hidden from the top-down view of satellites with passive measurements. By using spaceborne radar data with fine vertical resolution, this study conducts an investigation on oceanic warm clouds embedded in multilayered structures. The occurrences of warm cloud overlapping and the geometric features of several kinds of warm cloud layers are examined. It is found that there are three main types of cloud systems that involve warm cloud layers, including warm single layer clouds, cold-warm double layer clouds and warm-warm double layer clouds. The two types of double layer clouds account for 23% and in the double layer occurrences warm-warm double layer subsets contribute about 13%. The global distribution patterns of these three types differ from each other. Single-layer warm clouds and the lower warm clouds in the cold-warm double layer system have nearly identical geometric parameters, while the upper and lower layer warm clouds in the warm-warm double layer system are distinct from the previous two forms of warm cloud layers. In contrast to the independence of the two cloud layers in cold-warm double layer system, the two kinds of warm cloud layers in the warm-warm double layer system may be coupled. The distance between the two layers in the warm-warm double layer system is weakly dependent on cloud thickness. Given the upper and lower cloud layer with moderate thickness around 1 km, the cloudless gap reaches its maximum exceeding 600 m. As the two cloud layers become even thinner or thicker, the cloudless gap decreases in thickness. It is believed that such knowledge on cloud overlapping is critical for fully understanding the distribution of warm clouds in three-dimensional space. The results derived in this study could help validating cloud results of numerical models, which are indeed three-dimensional in nature. They could also be used to improve the estimation of cloud radiative forcing, since it is affected by cloud occurrences and especially their vertical structures. It should be pointed out that solid explanations for the above cloud features cannot be presented by only using these satellite data themselves. </p>

scholarly journals Route to Cost-Effective Fabrication of Wafer-Scale Nanostructure through Self-Priming Nanoimprint

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yue Su ◽  
Zhaoxin Geng ◽  
Weihao Fang ◽  
Xiaoqing Lv ◽  
Shicai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Double Layer System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hard Substrates

Nanoimprint technology is powerful for fabricating nanostructures in a large area. However, expensive equipment, high cost, and complex process conditions hinder the application of nano-imprinting technology. Therefore, double-layer self-priming nanoimprint technology was proposed to fabricate ordered metal nanostructures uniformly on 4-inch soft and hard substrates without the aid of expensive instruments. Different nanostructure (gratings, nanoholes and nanoparticles) and different materials (metal and MoS2) were patterned, which shows wide application of double-layer self-priming nanoimprint technology. Moreover, by a double-layer system, the width and the height of metal can be adjusted through the photoresist thickness and developing condition, which provide a programmable way to fabricate different nanostructures using a single mold. The double-layer self-priming nanoimprint method can be applied in poor condition without equipment and be programmable in nanostructure parameters using a single mold, which reduces the cost of instruments and molds.

Glutamate detection at the cellular level by means of polymer/enzyme multilayer modified carbon nanoelectrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 3631-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Marquitan ◽  
Melanie D. Mark ◽  
Andrzej Ernst ◽  
Anna Muhs ◽  
Stefan Herlitze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Double Layer System

Carbon nanoelectrodes in the sub-micron range were modified with an enzyme cascade immobilized in a spatially separated polymer double layer system for the detection of glutamate at the cellular level.

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