Stars Initiated by High Energy Protons and Neutrons

1952 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Fishman ◽  
Alfred Morris Perry
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Protons And Neutrons

Introduction

Catastrophe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Strange Matter ◽  
Strange Quarks ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Protons And Neutrons

You wouldn’t see the asteroid, even though it was several miles in diameter, because it would be hurtling toward you at 15 to 25 miles a second. At that speed, the column of air between the asteroid and the earth’s surface would be compressed with such force that the column’s temperature would soar to several times that of the sun, incinerating everything in its path. When the asteroid struck, it would penetrate deep into the ground and explode, creating an enormous crater and ejecting burning rocks and dense clouds of soot into the atmosphere, wrapping the globe in a mantle of fiery debris that would raise surface temperatures by as much as 100 degrees Fahrenheit and shut down photosynthesis for years. The shock waves from the collision would have precipitated earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, gargantuan tidal waves, and huge forest fires. A quarter of the earth’s human population might be dead within 24 hours of the strike, and the rest soon after. But there might no longer be an earth for an asteroid to strike. In a high-energy particle accelerator, physicists bent on re-creating conditions at the birth of the universe collide the nuclei of heavy atoms, containing large numbers of protons and neutrons, at speeds near that of light, shattering these particles into their constituent quarks. Because some of these quarks, called strange quarks, are hyperdense, here is what might happen: A shower of strange quarks clumps, forming a tiny bit of strange matter that has a negative electric charge. Because of its charge, the strange matter attracts the nuclei in the vicinity (nuclei have a positive charge), fusing with them to form a larger mass of strange matter that expands exponentially. Within a fraction of a second the earth is compressed to a hyperdense sphere 100 meters in diameter, explodes in the manner of a supernova, and vanishes. By then, however, the earth might have been made uninhabitable for human beings and most other creatures by abrupt climate changes.

Tensile properties of 9Cr–1Mo martensitic steel irradiated with high energy protons and neutrons

2003 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henry ◽  
X. Averty ◽  
Y. Dai ◽  
P. Lamagnère ◽  
J.P. Pizzanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protons And Neutrons

scholarly journals The place of elementary particle research in the development of modern physics

1964 ◽  
Vol 278 (1374) ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Protons And Neutrons ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Energy Physics

The search for elementary particles is as old as science itself. It is always the most advanced part of physics which strives for an understanding of the fundamental constituents of matter. As physics progressed, the search for elementary particles moved on from chemistry to atomic physics, and then to nuclear physics. Not much more than a decade ago it separated from nuclear physics and became a new field, dealing no longer with the structure of atomic nuclei but with the structure of the constituents of nuclei, the protons and neutrons, and also with the structure of electrons and similar particles. This field is often referred to as high-energy physics because in it beams of particles of extremely high energy are needed for most of the relevant experiments. The purpose of this article is to present a bird’s-eye view of the new aspects which elementary particle research has recently created and to show how they fit into the framework of physics of this century.

Single event upset and charge collection measurements using high energy protons and neutrons

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2203-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Normand ◽  
D.L. Oberg ◽  
J.L. Wert ◽  
J.D. Ness ◽  
P.P. Majewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Single Event Upset ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Protons And Neutrons

Proton and Neutron Damage in Thick Amorphous Silicon Diodes

1989 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hollingsworth ◽  
J. Xi ◽  
A. Madan ◽  
F. E. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Neutron Damage ◽  
Superconducting Super Collider ◽  
Protons And Neutrons ◽  
High Doses ◽  
High Energy Particles

ABSTRACTThin film amorphous silicon diodes are being examined as a possible high energy particle detector for use in the superconducting super collider. One of the key requirements for any such detector is the ability to withstand relatively high doses of high energy particles without degradation of performance. We report here results of degradation studies of amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes to protons and neutrons with energies in excess of 100 keV.

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

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