An X-Ray Study of a Long X-Cut Quartz Crystal Vibrating Under the Transverse Piezoelectric Effect

1934 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Colby ◽  
Sidon Harris
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transverse Piezoelectric Effect

scholarly journals Unbinding of Hyaluronan Accelerates the Enzymatic Activity of Bee Hyaluronidase

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (41) ◽  
pp. 35699-35707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Iliás ◽  
Károly Liliom ◽  
Brigitte Greiderer-Kleinlercher ◽  
Stephan Reitinger ◽  
Günter Lepperdinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Surface Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Binding Groove ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

Hyaluronan (HA), a polymeric glycosaminoglycan ubiquitously present in higher animals, is hydrolyzed by hyaluronidases (HAases). Here, we used bee HAase as a model enzyme to study the HA-HAase interaction. Located in close proximity to the active center, a bulky surface loop, which appears to obstruct one end of the substrate binding groove, was found to be functionally involved in HA turnover. To better understand kinetic changes in substrate interaction, binding of high molecular weight HA to catalytically inactive HAase was monitored by means of quartz crystal microbalance technology. Replacement of the delimiting loop by a tetrapeptide interconnection increased the affinity for HA up to 100-fold, with a KD below 1 nm being the highest affinity among HA-binding proteins surveyed so far. The experimental data of HA-HAase interaction were further validated showing best fit to the theoretically proposed sequential two-site model. Besides the one, which had been shown previously in course of x-ray structure determination, a previously unrecognized binding site works in conjunction with an unbinding loop that facilitates liberation of hydrolyzed HA.

Structural dynamics of PZT thin films at the nanoscale

2005 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Grigoriev ◽  
Dal-Hyun Do ◽  
Dong Min Kim ◽  
Chang-Beom Eom ◽  
Bernhard Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Polarization Switching ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Converse Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Ferroelectric Capacitors ◽  
Crystal Lattice Distortion

AbstractWhen an electric field is applied to a ferroelectric the crystal lattice spacing changes as a result of the converse piezoelectric effect. Although the piezoelectric effect and polarization switching have been investigated for decades there has been no direct nanosecond-scale visualization of these phenomena in solid crystalline ferroelectrics. Synchrotron x-rays allow the polarization switching and the crystal lattice distortion to be visualized in space and time on scales of hundreds of nanometers and hundreds of picoseconds using ultrafast x-ray microdiffraction. Here we report the polarization switching visualization and polarization domain wall velocities for Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O3 thin film ferroelectric capacitors studied by time-resolved x-ray microdiffraction.

Measurement of independent piezoelectric moduli of Ca3NbGa3Si2O14, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and La3Ga5SiO14 single crystals

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Irzhak ◽  
D. Roshchupkin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
X Ray

Results of measurements of independent piezoelectric moduli d 11 and d 14 in Ca3NbGa3Si2O14, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and La3Ga5SiO14, promising single crystals of the calcium gallogermanate structural type, are presented. The moduli were measured with a triple-axis X-ray diffractometer under an external electric field which causes changes in the interplanar distances due to the reverse piezoelectric effect. The results of the X-ray diffractometry measurements agree fairly well (within less than 10%) with the results obtained by different methods.

Analysis and Research of Piezoelectric Dynamic Weighing Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bo Zhao ◽  
Jian Qiang Liang ◽  
Yu Long Zhao ◽  
Jian Zhu Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Piezoelectric Coupling ◽  
Influence Curve ◽  
Dynamic Weighing

The Kistler company has invented piezoelectric dynamic weighing sensors which are applied to determine dynamically axle load, speed and gross weight of the vehicle based on piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal. They mainly consist of load-carrying beams and sensitive elements. Focusing on the control of preload in design and fabrication, finite element method (FEM) is applied with ANSYS software to optimize structural sizes. The influence curve of the structural dimensions of load-carrying beam on the preload is analyzed. With the piezoelectric coupling analysis function, the preload influence on the sensor sensitivity is researched. FEM simulation results show that the critical dimensions of load-carrying beam as well as the deformation and wall thickness of cavity have significant impact on the preload. Further studies show that the sensor has the highest sensitivity with the reasonable deformation and wall thickness of the cavity. In this paper, a sensor with range of 150 kN has the highest sensitivity at the wall thickness of 2 mm and the deformation of 0.14 mm.

Study of X-Ray Backlight Imaging Based on Spherically Bent Quartz Crystal

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 0815001
Author(s):  
刘利锋 Liu Lifeng ◽  
肖沙里 Xiao Shali ◽  
毋玉芬 Wu Yufen ◽  
钱家渝 Qian Jiayu ◽  
施军 Shi Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
X Ray

Converse Piezoelectric Effect in Cellulose I Revealed by Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gindl ◽  
Gerhard Emsenhuber ◽  
Johannes Plackner ◽  
Johannes Konnerth ◽  
Jozef Keckes
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Converse Piezoelectric Effect

scholarly journals Intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seidl ◽  
N. Bucher ◽  
E. Chu ◽  
S. Hartung ◽  
S. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
In Operando

The reversible intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite and the concomitant formation of ternary Na–graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are studied using several in operando techniques, such as X-ray-diffraction (XRD), electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM).

Growth and Optical Properties of GaP, GaP@GaN and GaN@GaP Core-shell Nanowires

2003 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Min Lin ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yong-Lin Chen ◽  
Yau-Chung Liu ◽  
Kai-Min Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonon Mode ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Surface Phonon Mode ◽  
Shell Nanowires

AbstractHigh-quality GaP, GaP@GaN and GaN@GaP nanowires were grown by a convenient vapor deposition technique. The wire-like and two-layers structures of GaP@GaN and GaN@GaP core-shell nanowires were clearly resolved using X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and their growth directions were identified. Photoluminescence intensity of GaP@GaN nanowires increased as temperature increased. The result was interpreted by the piezoelectric effect induced from lattice mismatch between two semiconductor layers. An unexpected peak at 386 cm-1 was found in the Raman spectra of GaN@GaP and assigned to a surface phonon mode due to the interface. Detailed synthetic conditions and possible growth mechanisms of those nanowires were proposed.

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