scholarly journals Possibilities in Relativistic Thermodynamics for Irreversible Processes Without Exhaustion of Free Energy

1932 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Tolman
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Relativistic Thermodynamics

scholarly journals Crystal Growth and Solute Trapping

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Laser Annealing ◽  
Solute Drag ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Solute Trapping ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Energy Dissipated

ABSTRACTA simple model for solute trapping during rapid solidification is presented in terms of a single unknown parameter, the interfacial diffusivity Di. A transition from equilibrium segregation to complete solute trapping occurs over roughly an order of magnitude in growth speed, as the interface speed surpasses the maximum speed with which solute atoms can diffuse across the interface to remain ahead of the growing crystal. This diffusive speed is given by Di/λ, where λ is the interatomic spacing, and is typically of the order 10 meters per second. Comparison is made with experiment. The steady–state speed of a planar interface is predicted by calculating the free energy dissipated by irreversible processes at the interface and equating it to the available driving free energy. A solute drag term and an intrinsic interfacial mobility term are included in the dissipation calculations. Steady–state solutions are presented for Bi–doped Si during pulsed laser annealing.

CRYSTAL GROWTH AND THE THERMODYNAMICS OF IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kirkaldy
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Dendritic Growth ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Interface Morphology ◽  
Crystal Face ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Irreversible Processes ◽  
Alloy Crystal

The principle of minimum rate of entropy production is applied to steady-state transport processes in the neighborhood of an alloy crystal face growing into its melt. The procedure gives a satisfactory rationale of observed interface morphology. It is noted that segregation, which occurs in cellular or dendritic growth of alloys, is a direct manifestation of the system's attempt to minimize entropy production by conserving free energy. The general problems of growth of pure and impure single crystals from the melt and vapor are discussed.

scholarly journals Contribution to COVID-19 spread modelling: A physical phenomenological dissipative formalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oualid Limam ◽  
Mohamed Limam
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
First Case ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Epidemic Period

AbstractIn this study, we propose an evolution law of COVID-19 transmission based first on a representation of population by a domain part of an infinite ordered lattice in which epidemic evolution is represented by a wave like free spread starting from a first case as an epicentre. Free energy of spread on a given day is defined equal to the natural logarithm of the number of infected cases. Dissipation of propagation is obtained using a postulated form of free energy built using thermodynamics of irreversible processes in analogy to isotherm wave propagation in solids and elastic damage behaviour of materials. The proposed expression of daily free energy rate leads to dissipation of propagation introducing a parameter quantifying measures taking by governments to restrict transmission. Entropy daily rate representing disorder produced in the initial system is also explicitly defined. In this context, a simple law of evolution of infected cases as function of time is given in an iterative form. The model predicts different effects on peak of infected cases Imax and epidemic period, including effects of population size N, effects of measures taking to restrict spread, effects of population density and effect of a parameter T similar to absolute temperature in thermodynamics. Different effects are presented first. The model is than applied to epidemic spread in Tunisia and compared with data registered since the report of the first confirmed case on Mar 2, 2020. It is shown that the low epidemic size in Tunisia is essentially due to a low population density and relatively strict restriction measures including lockdown and quarantine.

Relativistic thermodynamics of irreversible processes i

Physica ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 689-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Kluitenberg ◽  
S.R. De Groot ◽  
P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Irreversible Processes ◽  
Relativistic Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics of the relaxation of a temperature anisotropy in a collisionless plasma

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montes ◽  
J. Peyraud
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Linear Problem ◽  
Collisionless Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Linear Relaxation ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Unstable System ◽  
Temperature Anisotropy ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Irreversible Processes ◽  
Onsager Relations

A new method for dealing with a typical quasi-linear problem is presented. The quasi-linear relaxation of the temperature anisotropy of a collisionless plasma is completely described within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. This is obtained by means of generalized Onsager relations applied to the weakly unstable system. Free energy of the system is analyzed in detail, to study the net work involved in the process.

Relativistic thermodynamics of irreversible processes. II

Physica ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 1079-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Kluitenberg ◽  
S.R. de Groot ◽  
P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Irreversible Processes ◽  
Relativistic Thermodynamics
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