Tinnitus and its Relation to Nerve Deafness with an Application to the Masking Effect of Pure Tones

1923 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Minton
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect ◽  
Pure Tones

Masking of Auditory Responses in the Medulla Oblongata of Goldfish

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
PER S. ENGER
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Noise Band ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Centre Frequency ◽  
Pure Tones

1. The nervous activity of single auditory neurones in goldfish brain have been measured. 2. Four types of acoustic stimuli were used, (1) pure tones, (2) noise of one-third octave band width, (3) noise of one-octave band width with centre frequency equal to the pure tone, and (4) white noise. 3. Except for white noise, these stimuli produced the same response to equal sound pressures. The white noise response was less, presumably because the frequency range covered by a single neurone is far narrower than the range of white noise. 4. The conclusion has been reached that for low-frequency acoustic signals, the acoustic power over a frequency band of one to two octaves is integrated by the nervous system. 5. The masking effect of background noise on the acoustic threshold of single units to pure tones is strongest when the noise band has the same centre frequency as the test tone. In this case the tone threshold increases linearly with the background noise level. 6. When the noise band was centred at a different frequency from the tone, the masking effect decreased at a rate of 20-22 dB/octave for the first one-third octave for a tone frequency of 250 Hz. For a tone of 500 Hz the masking effect of lower frequencies was stronger and was reduced by only some 9 dB/octave for the first one-third octave.

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Role of pinnae and head movements in localizing pure tones 1The authors would like to thank Mr. Remi Humbert for implementing the experiment in Turbo Pascal and for his further assistance.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Muller ◽  
Pierre Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Posterior Quadrant ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Pure Tones

Twelve blindfolded subjects localized two different pure tones, randomly played by eight sound sources in the horizontal plane. Either subjects could get information supplied by their pinnae (external ear) and their head movements or not. We found that pinnae, as well as head movements, had a marked influence on auditory localization performance with this type of sound. Effects of pinnae and head movements seemed to be additive; the absence of one or the other factor provoked the same loss of localization accuracy and even much the same error pattern. Head movement analysis showed that subjects turn their face towards the emitting sound source, except for sources exactly in the front or exactly in the rear, which are identified by turning the head to both sides. The head movement amplitude increased smoothly as the sound source moved from the anterior to the posterior quadrant.

Loudness perception for pure tones and for speech

1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Harris ◽  
Cecil K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tones

MASKING EFFECT OF NON-PREDICTABLE ENERGY OF IMAGE REGIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Ieremeiev ◽  
N. N. Ponomarenko ◽  
V. V. Lukin ◽  
J. T. Astola ◽  
Karen O. Egiazarian
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect

Absolute Pitch and Its Frequency Range

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Piotr Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
Loudness Level ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractThis paper has two distinct parts. Section 1 includes general discussion of the phenomenon of "absolute pitch" (AP), and presentation of various concepts concerning definitions of "full", "partial" and "pseudo" AP. Sections 2-4 include presentation of the experiment concerning frequency range in which absolute pitch appears, and discussion of the experimental results. The experiment was performed with participation of 9 AP experts selected from the population of 250 music students as best scoring in the pitch-naming piano-tone screening tests. Each subject had to recognize chromas of 108 pure tones representing the chromatic musical scale of nine octaves from E0 to D#9. The series of 108 tones was presented to each subject 60 times in random order, diotically, with loudness level about 65 phon. Percentage of correct recognitions (PC) for each tone was computed. The frequency range for the existence of absolute pitch in pure tones, perceived by sensitive AP possessors stretches usually over 5 octaves from about 130.6 Hz (C3) to about 3.951 Hz (B7). However, it was noted that in a single case, the upper boundary of AP was 9.397 Hz (D9). The split-halves method was applied to estimate the reliability of the obtained results.

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