Gamma Rays from theHg199(n, γ)Hg200Reaction and Energy Levels inHg200

1967 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1548-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. B. Schult ◽  
W. R. Kane ◽  
M. A. J. Mariscotti ◽  
J. M. Simic
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Levels

Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Abdullah Engin Çalık ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Ahmet Biçer ◽  
Mehmet Erdoğan ◽  
Mürsel Şen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
First Time

Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

Energy levels ofCm249from measurements of thermal neutron capture gamma rays

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 2232-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hoff ◽  
W. F. Davidson ◽  
D. D. Warner ◽  
H. G. Börner ◽  
T. von Egidy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Thermal Neutron Capture

Lifetimes and branching ratios of energy levels of 28Si. II

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Alexander ◽  
C. Broude ◽  
A. J. Ferguson ◽  
J. A. Kuehner ◽  
A. E. LitherLand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Excited Level ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Energy Gamma

The gamma rays from the 25Mg(α,nγ)28Si reaction have been studied for alpha-particle energies in the range 6.0 MeV to 7.2 MeV. A 25-cm3 Ge(Li) gamma-ray counter was used to observe the complex high energy gamma-ray spectra at angles between 0° and 130° to the alpha-particle beam. The lifetime ofthe7798-keV level was found to be 0.30 ± 0.10 ps by studying the Doppler broadening of the spectrum lines. The gamma-ray decays of the 8260, 8328, 8411, 8543, and 8587-keV levels were observed. The gamma-ray decays of the 8260 and 8543-keV levels had not been observed previously. The 8260-keV level decays to the first excited level at 1780-keV and the 8543-keV level decays only to the 4617-keV level. Information on the spin-parity combinations of these levels in 28Si was obtained by a measurement of the yield of alpha particles at zero degrees to the beam in the reaction 16O(16O,α)28Si.

Lifetimes and branching ratios of energy levels of 28Si. I

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Litherland ◽  
P. J. M. Smulders ◽  
T. K. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Doppler Shift Attenuation ◽  
Energy Gamma

The gamma rays from the 25Mg(α,nγ)28Si reaction have been studied using alpha particles with energies ranging from 4.8 to 6.0 MeV. A 25 cm3 Ge(Li) gamma-ray counter was used to observe the complex high energy gamma-ray spectra at angles between 0° and 130° to the alpha-particle beam. Estimates of the nuclear lifetimes of the energy levels excited were obtained from Doppler shift attenuation measurements. The de-excitation branching ratios of the levels were also measured. The existence of a new level in 28Si at 6695 keV was confirmed. The recently reported 3− level at either 6880 keV or 6889 keV was observed and found to be the 6880-keV member of the doublet. The enhancement of the octupole transition to the ground level of 28Si was found to be 13 Weisskopf units.

Energy levels of excited in the decay of the isomeric pair and

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (21) ◽  
pp. 2375-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Monaro ◽  
J. Barrette ◽  
A. Boutard
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coincidence Circuit ◽  
Isomeric Pair ◽  
Γ Ray

The γ-ray spectra accompanying the decay of 96gTc (4.3 d) and 96mTc (52 m), produced in the reactions 96Mo (p, n) 96Tc and 97Mo (p, 2n) 96Tc, have been studied with lithium-drifted Ge detectors.Gamma rays (relative intensities are in parentheses) of 314.2 ± 0.2 (2.4), 316.3 ± 0.2 (1.5), 434.8 ± 0.4 (0.8), 460.2 ± 0.4 (0.48), 568.9 ± 0.4 (.95), 778.2 ± 0.2 (100), 812.5 ± 0.2 (83), 849.8 ± 0.2 (98), 1091.3 ± 0.4(0.9), 1126.8 ± 0.3 (15.3), 1200.0 ± 0.4 (0.41), and 1497.7 ± 0.5 keV (0.081), plus several other very weak lines, have been observed in the decay of 96Tc (4.3 d). Several transitions never previously reported were found in the decay of 96mTc (52 m). All but four of these transitions could fit already known excited levels in 96Mo at 778.2, 1497.9, 1628.0, 1869.6, and 1978.3 keV, whereas the placing of the remaining 616.1-, 966.6-, 1096.6-, and 1816.2-keV gamma rays required the existence of a new level in 96Mo at 2594.5 keV.In view of the results obtained from the study of the decay of the 96Tc isomeric pair, it was considered very desirable to reinvestigate the decay of 96Nb to levels in 96Mo. The 96Nb source was produced in the reaction 96Zr (p, n) 96Nb. Ge(Li) detectors were again employed and gamma–gamma directional correlation measurements were performed with two NaI(Tl) crystals, a fast coincidence circuit, and a multiparameter analyzer to record the data.The experimental directional correlation coefficients of the 1200.1–778.2, 1200.1–460.1, 778.2–460.1, 1091.4–778.2, 1091.4–568.7, and 778.2–568.7 keV cascades are[Formula: see text]respectively.These values seem to be compatible with spin assignments of 4+, 3+, and 5+ for the 1869.6-, 1978.3-, and 2438.4-keV levels in 96Mo respectively.

LOW-LYING ENERGY LEVELS IN Cl-35

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Storey ◽  
L. W. Oleksiuk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Excitation Functions

The reaction Cl35(p,p′γ)Cl35 has been observed by the gamma radiation arising from the first two excited levels of chlorine-35. Excitation functions for these radiations were measured for a range of proton energies from 2.3 to 3.25 Mev. Many sharp resonances are observed, of which a dozen are prominent. Angular distributions of the gamma rays from the 1.22-Mev and the 1.76-Mev excited levels of Cl35 have been measured over six resonances. The distribution functions, together with additional measurements by other investigators, yield spin assignments of 1/2 and 5/2 for the levels at 1.22 and 1.76 Mev respectively.

scholarly journals Pulse Shape Discrimination of Neutrons and Gamma Rays Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tambouratzis ◽  
Dina Chernikova ◽  
Imre Pzsit
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Self Organising Map

Abstract The potential of two Kohonen artificial neural networks I ANNs) - linear vector quantisa - tion (LVQ) and the self organising map (SOM) - is explored for pulse shape discrimination (PSD), i.e. for distinguishing between neutrons (n's) and gamma rays (γ’s). The effect that la) the energy level, and lb) the relative- of the training and lest sets, have on iden- tification accuracy is also evaluated on the given PSD datasel The two Kohonen ANNs demonstrate compfcmentary discrimination ability on the training and test sets: while the LVQ is consistently mote accurate on classifying the training set. the SOM exhibits higher n/γ identification rales when classifying new paltms regardless of the proportion of training and test set patterns at the different energy levels: the average tint: for decision making equals ∼100 /e in the cax of the LVQ and ∼450 μs in the case of the SOM.

scholarly journals The energies of alpha and gamma rays

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (869) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
Electronic Energy Levels

It has been suggested that the writer should discuss the need for the atomic energy levels which he has recently proposed and their relation to previous work more fully. The summary way in which the theory was presented was partly due to the first papers on the subject having been returned, so that a later paper, intended to appear after the earlier papers, was rather unexpectedly published first. A brief preliminary account had been published in the ‘Physical Review,’ so when the earlier papers were rewritten much of the earlier work, showing how the theory arose, was omitted. According to Gamow’s theory, the gamma ray energies are equal to differences between the energy levels of an alpha particle in the nucleus, and these alpha particle levels are equal to the differences between the higher disintegration energies and the lowest or normal disintegration energy. Thus on Gamow’s theory the gamma and alpha energies depend only on the nucleus and are in no way related to the electronic energy levels. There are, however, several reasons for believing that the gamma and alpha energies, contrary to Gamow’s view, involve electronic energies. These reasons have been mentioned in previous papers, but it seems to be worth while to bring them together here.

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