LOW-LYING ENERGY LEVELS IN Cl-35

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Storey ◽  
L. W. Oleksiuk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Excitation Functions

The reaction Cl35(p,p′γ)Cl35 has been observed by the gamma radiation arising from the first two excited levels of chlorine-35. Excitation functions for these radiations were measured for a range of proton energies from 2.3 to 3.25 Mev. Many sharp resonances are observed, of which a dozen are prominent. Angular distributions of the gamma rays from the 1.22-Mev and the 1.76-Mev excited levels of Cl35 have been measured over six resonances. The distribution functions, together with additional measurements by other investigators, yield spin assignments of 1/2 and 5/2 for the levels at 1.22 and 1.76 Mev respectively.

Levels in 35Cl: Experimental

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (19) ◽  
pp. 2396-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wiesehahn
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Angular Distributions

Decay schemes, angular distributions, and polarizations of gamma rays from the reaction34S(p,γ)35Cl have been measured. The lifetimes of some of the levels which were populated in these reactions have been measured. The four resonances excited by protons of 1020, 1214, 1267, and 1510 keV were studied. Spin and parity assignments for the 1220, 1762, 2645, 2695, 3006, 3163, 4058, 4174, 7355, 7545, 7601, and 7845 keV energy levels and the lifetimes of the first six of these are discussed.

scholarly journals GAMMA-RADIATION SPECTRA OF 1200 MeV ELECTRONS IN THICK BERYLLIUM, SILICON AND TUNGSTEN SINGLE CRYSTALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
G. L. Bochek ◽  
O. S. Deiev ◽  
V. I. Kulibaba ◽  
N. I. Maslov ◽  
V. D. Ovchinnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Solid Angles ◽  
Crystallographic Axes ◽  
And Tungsten

Gamma radiation spectra of 1200 MeV electrons from the single crystals of the beryllium 1.2 mm thick, silicon 1.5 mm and 15 mm thick and tungsten 1.18 mm thick along of the crystallographic axes were measured. Also spectral-angular distributions of gamma radiation from the silicon single crystals 1.5 mm thick along of the crystallographic axes < 100 >, < 110 > and < 111 > were measured. On the basis of these measurements the γ-radiation spectra for the different solid angles up to 6.97 × 10−6 sr were obtained.

scholarly journals IV. Effect of 60Co gamma rays on survival rate of China aster plants (Callistephus chinensis Nees) in M1 generations - under field conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
A. Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Different Doses

Studies were undertaken on the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on survival rate of plants (germinated from irradiated seeds) for 5 China aster varieties specified at florescence time. During their growth under field conditions (from planting time to blooming) lethal effect of the radiation occurred in plants of all varieties and its level depended on dose and variety. Effect of 3 kR and 6 kR doses differed depending on variety and was not always harmful, but following irradiation with doses exceeding 6 kR a considerable decrease in survival rate was observed. Radioresistance of studied varieties - measured both: by LD<sub>50</sub> and LD<sub>l00</sub> - differed; depending on variety, LD<sub>50 </sub>and LD<sub>l00</sub> values fluctuated: from 6 to 9 kR and 12 to 15 kR respectively.

Evaluation of the effect of gamma rays on the venom of Vipera lebetina by biochemical study

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouara Bennacef-Heffar ◽  
Fatima Laraba-Djebari
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Vipera Lebetina

Snake bites represent a serious public health problem in many areas of the world. In Algeria, two widespread snakes are Vipera lebetina and Cerastes cerastes. Vipera lebetina venom causes local hemorrhage and necrosis, and it may lead to permanent limb loss. The principal causes of mortality after snakebites are acute renal failure and hemorrhage, which occur not only locally, at the site of the bite, but also systemically, contributing to the cardiovascular shock characteristic of severe envenomation. Gamma radiation has been shown to be effective for attenuating venom toxicity. Vipera lebetina venom was irradiated with two doses of gamma rays (1 and 2 kGy) from a 60Co source, and the venom's toxic, enzymatic, and structural properties were analyzed. Intraperitoneal injection of the irradiated venoms (100–500 µg/20 g mouse body mass) revealed a significant decrease of the toxicity. Irradiated venoms with 1 and 2 kGy doses were four and nine times less toxic, respectively, than the native venom. A biochemical characterization of in vitro enzymatic activities was performed. Vipera lebetina displayed in vitro caseinolytic, amidolytic, esterasic, coagulant, and phospholipase A2 activities. Caseinolytic, amidolytic, esterasic, and coagulative activities were reduced for the irradiated venoms; only phospholipase A2 activity was abolished in the irradiated venom with a dose of 2 kGy. The native and irradiated venoms were separated by gel filtration and electrophoresis. Chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles were drastically changed as compared with the native venom. Vipera lebetina venom detoxified by gamma rays was used for active immunization, and the presence of antibody in the immune sera was detected by ELISA. The immunogenic properties were preserved and the antisera obtained with the irradiated venoms could cross-react. Antisera were able to neutralize the toxic effect of V. lebetina native venom. These results indicate that irradiation of V. lebetina venom with a dose of 2 kGy can promote a significant detoxification, keeping the immunological properties intact.Key words: Vipera lebetina venom, gamma radiation, enzymes, detoxification, immune sera, immunoreactivity.

Distribution functions. Energy levels

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bauche ◽  
Claire Bauche-Arnoult ◽  
Olivier Peyrusse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Distribution Functions

scholarly journals Investigation of the Structural Changes and Catalytic Properties of FeNi Nanostructures as a Result of Exposure to Gamma Radiation

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Daryn B. Borgekov ◽  
Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽  
Dmitriy I. Shlimas ◽  
Artem L. Kozlovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Crystallite Orientation ◽  
Complete Destruction

The paper presents the results of changes in the structural characteristics, and the degree of texturing of FeNi nanostructures close in composition to permalloy compounds as a result of directed modification by gamma radiation with an energy of 1.35 MeV and doses from 100 to 500 kGy. The choices of energy and radiation doses were due to the need to modify the structural properties, which consisted of annealing the point defects that occurred during the synthesis along the entire length of the nanotubes. The initial FeNi nanostructures were polycrystalline nanotubes of anisotropic crystallite orientation, obtained by electrochemical deposition. The study found that exposure to gamma rays led to fewer defects in the structure, and reorientation of crystallites, and at doses above 300 kGy, the presence of one selected texture direction (111) in the structure. During tests of the corrosion resistance of synthesized and modified nanostructures in a PBS solution at various temperatures, it was found that exposure to gamma rays led to a significant decrease in the rate of degradation of nanotubes and an increase in the potential life of up to 20 days. It was established that at the first stage of testing, the degradation of nanostructures is accompanied by the formation of oxide inclusions, which subsequently lead to the formation of pitting corrosion and subsequent partial or complete destruction of the nanostructures. It is shown that gamma radiation is promising not only for targeted modification of nanostructures and increasing resistance to degradation, but also for increasing the rate of catalytic reactions of the PNA-PPD type.

MEASUREMENTS OF SPECTRAL AND ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF SECONDARY GAMMA-RAYS IN MATTER

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Barrier Thickness ◽  
Crystal Spectrometer ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Concrete Barrier ◽  
Secondary Gamma Radiation

The distribution in energy and angle of the secondary gamma radiation emerging from the face of a concrete barrier containing a point source of cobalt-60 has been measured as a function of barrier thickness. Results on energy spectra and angular distributions are presented, and some of their features are compared with theoretical predictions. The operation of the two-crystal spectrometer and the photographic system for recording pulse-height distributions are described in some detail.

Gamma Rays fromB10+p; Decay Schemes and Excitation Functions

1966 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Segel ◽  
P. P. Singh ◽  
S. S. Hanna ◽  
M. A. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Excitation Functions

Temporal changes in boreal forest tree canopy cover along a gradient of gamma radiation

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
J. R. Dugle
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover

A forest site in southeastern Manitoba has been irradiated by a point source of gamma rays continuously since 1973, and measurements have been made yearly to study the change in boreal forest canopy cover along the radiation gradient. After 10 years of chronic irradiation, a zone of total tree death has resulted from mean dose rates between 25 and 62 mGy h−1. Tree canopy cover was reduced at mean dose rates exceeding ~ 4.5 mGy h−1 and the largest reduction occurred in the first 2 years of irradiation. The temporal responses of seven woody species to gamma radiation are presented. Bebb's willow, trembling aspen, speckled alder, and paper birch were less sensitive to radiation than black spruce, balsam fir, and jack pine. The results confirm that gymnosperms are more sensitive to gamma rays than angiosperms.

Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Abdullah Engin Çalık ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Ahmet Biçer ◽  
Mehmet Erdoğan ◽  
Mürsel Şen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
First Time

Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

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