scholarly journals Analysis of Long-Range Alpha-Emission Data

1961 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Griffioen ◽  
J. O. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Alpha Emission

scholarly journals Source apportionment of the particulate PAHs at Seoul, Korea: impact of long range transport to a megacity

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 3587-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Lee ◽  
Y. P. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Northeast Asia including China, Korea, and Japan is one of the world's largest fossil fuel consumption regions. Seoul, Korea, is a megacity in Northeast Asia. Its emissions of air pollutants can affect the region, and in turn it is also affected by regional emissions. To understand the extent of these influences, major sources of ambient particulate PAHs in Seoul were identified and quantified based on measurements made between August 2002 and December 2003. The chemical mass balance (CMB) model was applied. Seven major emission sources were identified based on the emission data in Seoul and Northeast Asia: Gasoline and diesel vehicles, residential coal use, coke ovens, coal power plants, biomass burning, and natural gas (NG) combustion. The major sources of particulate PAHs in Seoul during the whole measurement period were gasoline and diesel vehicles, together accounted for 31% of the measured particulate PAHs levels. However, the source contributions showed distinct daily and seasonal variations. High contributions of biomass burning and coal (residential and coke oven) were observed in fall and winter, accounting for 63% and 82% of the total concentration of PAHs, respectively. Since these sources were not strong in and around Seoul, they are likely to be related to transport from outside of Seoul, from China and/or North Korea. This implies that the air quality in a mega-city such as Seoul can be influenced by the long range transport of air pollutants such as PAHs.

scholarly journals Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide emission reduction in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 3663-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vestreng ◽  
G. Myhre ◽  
H. Fagerli ◽  
S. Reis ◽  
L. Tarrasón
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Sulphur Emissions ◽  
Sulphur Emission ◽  
Gothenburg Protocol

Abstract. During the last twenty-five years European emission data have been compiled and reported under the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) as part of the work under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). This paper presents emission trends of SO2 reported to EMEP and validated within the programme for the period 1980–2004. These European anthropogenic sulphur emissions have been steadily decreasing over the last twenty-five years, amounting from about 55 Tg SO2 in 1980 to 15 Tg SO2 in 2004. The uncertainty in sulphur emission estimates for individual countries and years are documented to range between 3% and 25%. The relative contribution of European emissions to global anthropogenic sulphur emissions has been halved during this period. Based on annual emission reports from European countries, three emission reduction regimes have been identified. The period 1980–1989 is characterized by low annual emission reductions (below 5% reduction per year and 20% for the whole period) and is dominated by emission reductions in Western Europe. The period 1990–1999 is characterised by high annual emission reductions (up to 11% reduction per year and 54% for the whole period), most pronounced in Central and Eastern Europe. The annual emission reductions in the period 2000–2004 are medium to low (below 6% reduction per year and 17% for the whole period) and reflect the unified Europe, with equally large reductions in both East and West. The sulphur emission reduction has been largest in the sector Combustion in energy and transformation industries, but substantial decreases are also seen in the Non-industrial combustion plants together with the sectors Industrial combustion and Industrial production processes. The majority of European countries have reduced their emissions by more than 60% between 1990 and 2004, and one quarter have already achieved sulphur emission reductions higher than 80%. At European level, the total sulphur target for 2010 set in the Gothenburg Protocol (16 Tg) has apparently already been met by 2004. However, still half of the Parties to the Gothenburg Protocol have to reduce further their sulphur emissions in order to attain their individual country total emission targets for 2010. It is also noteworthy that, contrasting the Gothenburg Protocol requirements, a growing number of countries have recently been reporting increasing sulphur emissions, while others report only minor further decreases. The emission trends presented here are supported by different studies of air concentrations and depositions carried out within and outside the framework of the LRTAP Convention.

Long-range alpha emission inP-wave neutron induced fission of235U

Pramana ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
S C L Sharma ◽  
G K Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Alpha Emission ◽  
Fission Of235u ◽  
Induced Fission

Description of long-range alpha emission using the sudden approximation

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
O. Serot ◽  
N. Carjan ◽  
C. Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Alpha Emission ◽  
Sudden Approximation

Description of long-range alpha emission using the sudden approximation

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Serot ◽  
N. Carjan ◽  
C. Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Alpha Emission ◽  
Sudden Approximation

scholarly journals Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide emission reduction in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5099-5143 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vestreng ◽  
G. Myhre ◽  
H. Fagerli ◽  
S. Reis ◽  
L. Tarrasón
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Sulphur Emissions ◽  
Sulphur Emission ◽  
Gothenburg Protocol

Abstract. During the last twenty-five years European emission data have been compiled and reported under the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) as part of the work under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). This paper presents emission trends of SO2 reported to EMEP and validated within the programme for the period 1980–2004. These European anthropogenic sulphur emissions have been steadily decreasing over the last twenty-five years, amounting from about 55 Tg SO2 in 1980 to 15 Tg SO2 in 2004. The uncertainty in sulphur emission estimates for individual countries and years are documented to range between 3% and 25%. The relative contribution of European emissions to global anthropogenic sulphur emissions has been halved during this period. Based on annual emission reports from European countries, three emission reduction regimes have been identified. The period 1980–1989 is characterized by low annual emission reductions (below 5% reduction per year and 20% for the whole period) and is dominated by emission reductions in Western Europe. The period 1990–1999 is characterised by high annual emission reductions (up to 11% reduction per year and 54% for the whole period), most pronounced in Central and Eastern Europe. The annual emission reductions in the period 2000–2004 are medium to low and reflect the unified Europe, with equally large reductions in both East and West. The sulphur emission reduction has been largest in the sector Combustion in energy and transformation industries, but substantial decreases are also seen in the Non-industrial combustion plants together with the sectors Industrial Combustion and Industrial Production Processes. The majority of European countries have reduced their emissions by more than 60% between 1990 and 2004, and one quarter have already achieved sulphur emission reductions higher than 80%. At European level, the total sulphur target for 2010 set in the Gothenburg Protocol (16 Tg) has apparently already been met by 2004. However, still half of the Parties to the Gothenburg Protocol have to reduce further their sulphur emissions in order to attain their individual country total emission targets for 2010. It is also noteworthy that, contrasting the Gothenburg Protocol requirements, a growing number of countries have recently been reporting increasing sulphur emissions, while others report only minor further decreases. The emission trends presented here are supported by different studies of air concentrations and depositions carried out within and outside the framework of the LRTAP Convention.

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