scholarly journals Transposons and Tandem Repeats Are Not Involved in the Control of Genomic Imprinting at the MEDEA Locus in Arabidopsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (0) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SPILLANE ◽  
C. BAROUX ◽  
J.-M. ESCOBAR-RESTREPO ◽  
D.R. PAGE ◽  
S. LAOUEILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Tandem Repeats

scholarly journals Genetic conflict, genomic imprinting and establishment of the epigenotype in relation to growth

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Moore
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Genetic Conflict

Genomic imprinting is the process that differentially modifies the parental alleles at certain genetic loci in the parental germlines. Such modifications of DNA and chromatin are somatically heritable and cause unequal expression of the parental alleles during subsequent development. In mammals, imprinted genes encode a relatively small number of functionally heterogeneous proteins. Nevertheless, imprinted genes exert important effects, primarily on fetal development, and their deregulation is implicated in a variety of pathologies including sporadic, inherited and induced growth disorders. Imprinted loci show several unusual structural and functional characteristics that may be related to mechanistic aspects of mono-allelic expression or to modes of evolution of imprinted genetic loci. Typically, imprinted genes are clustered in certain genomic regions and have relatively reduced intronic DNA content relative to non-imprinted genes. In addition, their regulatory regions frequently contain a combination of features including tandem repeats associated with differentially methylated CpG islands and overlapping transcription of coding or non-coding RNAs. The evolution of imprinting can be understood as the stable outcome of sexual selection acting differently on the parental alleles of genes that influence parental investment in offspring. Consistent with this explanation, imprinted genes are expressed predominantly during embryonic and postnatal development in mammals and in the developing endosperm of plants, and maternal or paternal expression at imprinted loci is associated with reduced or increased parental investment, respectively. Such selective forces have implications for understanding mechanistic aspects of genome reprogramming in the early mammalian embryo.

Quantitative evaluation of post-bone marrow transplant engraftment status using fluorescent-labeled variable number of tandem repeats

2000 ◽  
Vol 05 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Robert A. Luhm ◽  
Daniel B. Bellissimo ◽  
Arejas J. Uzgiris ◽  
William R. Drobyski ◽  
Martin J. Hessner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplant ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Variable Number

Diversity of Primary Structures of the Carboxy-terminal Regions of Mammalian Fibrinogen Aα-Chains

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Murakawa ◽  
Takashi Okamura ◽  
Takumi Kamura ◽  
Tsunefumi Shibuya ◽  
Mine Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Rgd Sequence

SummaryThe partial amino acid sequences of fibrinogen Aα-chains from five mammalian species have been inferred by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the genomic DNA of the rhesus monkey, pig, dog, mouse and Syrian hamster, the DNA fragments coding for α-C domains in the Aα-chains were amplified and sequenced. In all species examined, four cysteine residues were always conserved at the homologous positions. The carboxy- and amino-terminal portions of the α-C domains showed a considerable homology among the species. However, the sizes of the middle portions, which corresponded to the internal repeat structures, showed an apparent variability because of several insertions and/or deletions. In the rhesus monkey, pig, mouse and Syrian hamster, 13 amino acid tandem repeats fundamentally similar to those in humans and the rat were identified. In the dog, however, tandem repeats were found to consist of 18 amino acids, suggesting an independent multiplication of the canine repeats. The sites of the α-chain cross-linking acceptor and α2-plasmin inhibitor cross-linking donor were not always evolutionally conserved. The arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence was not found in the amplified region of either the rhesus monkey or the pig. In the canine α-C domain, two RGD sequences were identified at the homologous positions to both rat and human RGD S. In the Syrian hamster, a single RGD sequence was found at the same position to that of the rat. Triplication of the RGD sequences was seen in the murine fibrinogen α-C domain around the homologous site to the rat RGDS sequence. These findings are of some interest from the point of view of structure-function and evolutionary relationships in the mammalian fibrinogen Aα-chains.

The Inclusive Fitness Dynamics of Genomic Imprinting

Selection ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Greenwood-Lee ◽  
P. D. Taylor ◽  
D. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Inclusive Fitness

Methylated DNA Sequences in Genomic Imprinting

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Mann ◽  
Piroska E. Szabo ◽  
Michael R. Reed ◽  
Judith Singer-Sam
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Methylated Dna
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