scholarly journals Imaging of Membrane Systems and Membrane Traffic in Living Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.top066548-pdb.top066548
Author(s):  
E. L. Snapp ◽  
P. Lajoie
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Membrane Systems

Imaging of Organelle Membrane Systems and Membrane Traffic in Living Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (6) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot4603-pdb.prot4603
Author(s):  
J. Lippincott-Schwartz ◽  
E. L. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Organelle Membrane

Dual-color visualization of trans-Golgi network to plasma membrane traffic along microtubules in living cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Toomre ◽  
P. Keller ◽  
J. White ◽  
J.C. Olivo ◽  
K. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Trans Golgi Network ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Color Visualization

The mechanisms and carriers responsible for exocytic protein trafficking between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane remain unclear. To investigate the dynamics of TGN-to-plasma membrane traffic and role of the cytoskeleton in these processes we transfected cells with a GFP-fusion protein, vesicular stomatitis virus G protein tagged with GFP (VSVG3-GFP). After using temperature shifts to block VSVG3-GFP in the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently accumulate it in the TGN, dynamics of TGN-to-plasma membrane transport were visualized in real time by confocal and video microscopy. Both small vesicles (<250 nm) and larger vesicular-tubular structures (>1.5 microm long) are used as transport containers (TCs). These TCs rapidly moved out of the Golgi along curvilinear paths with average speeds of approximately 0.7 micrometer/second. Automatic computer tracking objectively determined the dynamics of different carriers. Fission and fusion of TCs were observed, suggesting that these late exocytic processes are highly interactive. To directly determine the role of microtubules in post-Golgi traffic, rhodamine-tubulin was microinjected and both labeled cargo and microtubules were simultaneously visualized in living cells. These studies demonstrated that exocytic cargo moves along microtubule tracks and reveals that carriers are capable of switching between tracks.

scholarly journals Targeted Chemical Disruption of Clathrin Function in Living Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4437-4447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Moskowitz ◽  
John Heuser ◽  
Timothy E. McGraw ◽  
Timothy A. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Fk506 Binding Protein ◽  
Important Protein ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

The accurate assignment of molecular roles in membrane traffic is frequently complicated by the lack of specific inhibitors that can work on rapid time scales. Such inhibition schemes would potentially avoid the complications arising from either compensatory gene expression or the complex downstream consequences of inhibition of an important protein over long periods (>12 h). Here, we developed a novel chemical tool to disrupt clathrin function in living cells. We engineered a cross-linkable form of clathrin by using an FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP)-clathrin fusion protein that is specifically oligomerized upon addition of the cell-permeant cross-linker FK1012-A. This approach interrupts the normal assembly-disassembly cycle of clathrin lattices and results in a specific, rapid, and reversible ∼70% inhibition of clathrin function. This approach should be applicable to a number of proteins that must go through an assembly-disassembly cycle for normal function.

Simple Neural-Like P Systems for Maximal Independent Set Selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Peter Jeavons
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Membrane Computing ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
P Systems ◽  
Maximal Independent Set ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computing Models

Membrane systems (P systems) are distributed computing models inspired by living cells where a collection of processors jointly achieves a computing task. The problem of maximal independent set (MIS) selection in a graph is to choose a set of nonadjacent nodes to which no further nodes can be added. In this letter, we design a class of simple neural-like P systems to solve the MIS selection problem efficiently in a distributed way. This new class of systems possesses two features that are attractive for both distributed computing and membrane computing: first, the individual processors do not need any information about the overall size of the graph; second, they communicate using only one-bit messages.

scholarly journals The dynamic cell: Livecell imaging and membrane traffic pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Mark Jepson ◽  
Paul Verkade ◽  
Paul Martin ◽  
George Banting
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Dynamic Cell ◽  
Static Images

Text books published 15 or more years ago presented lovely cartoons to illustrate the organization of a mammalian cell, highlighting the different subcellular organelles, the cytoskeletal components and the nuclear architecture. Many still do, but the better ones complement these static images with animations and/or movies from imaging of living cells (see Figure 1). The cartoons provide a reason able overview of cellular organization, but they cannot capture the fact that cells are highly dynamic entities with ongoing constitutive and regulated movement between compartments.

FURTHER RESULTS ON TIME-FREE P SYSTEMS

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO CAVALIERE ◽  
VINCENZO DEUFEMIA
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Computing ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
P Systems ◽  
P System ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Free Evolution ◽  
Cooperative Evolution ◽  
Weight One

Membrane systems (currently called P systems) are parallel computing devices inspired by the structure and the functioning of living cells. A standard feature of P systems is that each rule is executed in exactly one time unit. Actually, in living cells different chemical reactions might take different times to be executed; moreover, it might be hard to know precisely such time of execution. For this reason, in [7] two models of P systems (time-free and clock-free P systems) have been defined and investigated, where the time of execution of the rules is arbitrary and the output produced by the system is always the same, independently of this time. Preliminary results concerning time-free and clock-free P system have been obtained in [6, 7, 8]. In this paper we continue these investigations by considering different combinations of possible ingredients. In particular, we present the universality of time-free P systems using bi-stable catalysts. Then, we prove that this result implies that is not possible to decide whether an arbitrary bi-stable catalytic P system is time-free. We present several results about time-free evolution-communication P systems, where the computation is a mixed application of evolution and symport/antiport rules. In this case we obtain the universality even by using non-cooperative evolution rules and antiports of weight one. Finally, we formulate several open problems.

scholarly journals Neutron Scattering to Study Membrane Systems: From Model Membranes to Living Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 224a
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Nickels ◽  
Sneha Chatterjee ◽  
Christopher Stanley ◽  
Shuo Qian ◽  
Xiaolin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Model Membranes ◽  
Membrane Systems

scholarly journals Photobleaching Regions of Living Cells to Monitor Membrane Traffic

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot066563-pdb.prot066563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Snapp ◽  
P. Lajoie
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Living Cells

scholarly journals Time-Lapse Imaging of Membrane Traffic in Living Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot066555-pdb.prot066555 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Snapp ◽  
P. Lajoie
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging
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