Immunohistochemistry of Embryo Sections

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (2) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot4819-pdb.prot4819
Author(s):  
A. Nagy ◽  
M. Gertsenstein ◽  
K. Vintersten ◽  
R. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sections

scholarly journals Cloning and expression analysis of murine phospholipase D1

1997 ◽  
Vol 326 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. COLLEY ◽  
Yelena M. ALTSHULLER ◽  
Christopher K. SUE-LING ◽  
Neal G. COPELAND ◽  
Debra J. GILBERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Phospholipase D1 ◽  
In Situhybridization ◽  
Embryo Sections

Activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PLD) occurs as part of the complex signal-transduction cascade initiated by agonist stimulation of tyrosine kinase and G-protein-coupled receptors. A variety of mammalian PLD activities have been described, and cDNAs for two PLDs recently reported (human PLD1 and murine PLD2). We describe here the cloning and chromosomal localization of murine PLD1. Northern-blot hybridization and RNase protection analyses were used to examine the expression of murine PLD1 and PLD2 in a variety of cell lines and tissues. PLD1 and PLD2 were expressed in all RNA samples examined, although the absolute expression of each isoform varied, as well as the ratio of PLD1 to PLD2. Moreover, in situhybridization of adult brain and murine embryo sections revealed high levels of expression of individual PLDs in some cell types and no detectable expression in others. Thus the two PLDs probably carry out distinct roles in restricted subsets of cells rather than ubiquitous roles in all cells.

Transgenic peach plants (Prunus persica L.) produced by genetic transformation of embryo sections using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as an in vivo marker

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. P�rez-Clemente ◽  
Amparo P�rez-Sanju�n ◽  
Lorenzo Garc�a-F�rriz ◽  
Jos�-P�o Beltr�n ◽  
Luis A. Ca�as
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Embryo Sections ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Different patterns of transcription from the two Antennapedia promoters during Drosophila embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Bermingham ◽  
A. Martinez-Arias ◽  
M.G. Petitt ◽  
M.P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Bithorax Complex ◽  
Drosophila Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Sections

The homeotic genes of Drosophila control the differentiation of segments during development. Mutations in these genes cause one or more segments to develop structures normally found elsewhere in the organism. Several studies have shown that the spatial patterns of homeotic gene transcription are highly complex, and that these precise patterns of transcription are critical to normal development. The homeotic gene Antennapedia (Antp), a member of the Antennapedia Complex, is required for the correct differentiation of thoracic segments in both embryos and adults. The patterns of total Antp transcript and protein accumulation have been described in detail, but the contribution of each promoter to the overall pattern in embryos has not been reported. We have examined in detail the spatial distribution of transcripts from each of the Antp promoters in both embryo sections and whole embryos by in situ hybridization using promoter-specific probes. We show that the transcripts from each of the two promoters accumulate in distinct, but overlapping patterns during embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that the two Antp promoters are differentially regulated in embryos and provide a basis for examining the regulation of the two promoters and characterizing more fully the function of Antp during embryogenesis. In addition, we have examined the regulation of each of the Antp promoters by genes of the bithorax complex (BX-C). We show that in BX-C- embryos both promoters are derepressed in the abdomen.

Mouse homeo-genes within a subfamily, Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1, display similar anteroposterior domains of expression in the embryo, but show stage- and tissue-dependent differences in their regulation

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Gaunt ◽  
R. Krumlauf ◽  
D. Duboule
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Embryo Sections

By use of in situ hybridization experiments on mouse embryo sections, we compare the transcript patterns of three homeo-genes from the Hox-1.4 subfamily (Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1). Genes within a subfamily are true homologues, present in the genome as a result of duplication of an ancestral homeo-gene cluster. We show that Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1 are similar, although apparently not identical, in the limits of their transcript domains along the anteroposterior axis. Within the prevertebral column of the 12 1/2 day embryo, for example, the anterior boundary of transcripts for each of the three genes was most obvious at the junction of the first and second prevertebrae. Similarly, all three genes showed an anterior boundary of transcripts within the central nervous system that was located in the mid-myelencephalon of the hindbrain. Both in the prevertebral column and hindbrain, however, Hox-2.6 and Hox-5.1 transcripts extended slightly anterior to the anteriormost limits detected for Hox-1.4. In spite of close similarities in the positions of their transcript domains, Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1 displayed striking stage- and tissue-dependent differences in the relative abundance of their transcripts. For example, Hox-5.1 transcripts were abundant within mesoderm and ectoderm of early stages (8 1/2 and 9 1/2 days), yet were detected only weakly in mesodermal components of the lung and stomach at 10 1/2 days, and were apparently absent from these tissues at 12 1/2 days. In contrast, Hox-1.4 and Hox-2.6 transcripts were relatively weakly detected at 8 1/2 and 9 1/2 days, but were abundant within the lung and stomach at 12 1/2 days. Our findings suggest, but do not prove, that genes within the Hox-1.4 subfamily might be coordinately regulated in their expression. We discuss the patterns of mouse homeo-gene expression now observed in terms of models originally devised for Drosophila. We also propose how our new findings may help to explain any selective advantage to the vertebrates of homeo-gene duplication to form subfamilies.

Staining Frozen Mouse Embryo Sections for  -Galactosidase (lacZ) Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (8) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot4726-pdb.prot4726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nagy ◽  
M. Gertsenstein ◽  
K. Vintersten ◽  
R. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Lacz Activity ◽  
Embryo Sections

scholarly journals Regulated expression and function of CD122 (interleukin-2/interleukin- 15R-beta) during lymphoid development

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Reya ◽  
JA Yang-Snyder ◽  
EV Rothenberg ◽  
SR Carding
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Development ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Embryo Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Receptor Beta

To determine whether signaling via CD122 (interleukin-2 [IL-2]/IL-15 receptor beta-chain) plays a role in regulating the expansion and differentiation of lymphocyte precursors, we have characterized its expression and evaluated its ability to influence the activity of developing lymphoid cells. A significant fraction of Sca1+Lin- hematopoietic stem cells in day 12 fetal liver were found to be CD122+. CD122-mRNA+ and IL-2-mRNA+ cells were also localized in embryo sections within pharyngeal blood vessels adjacent to and surrounding the thymic analgen. This distribution is consistent with the migration of CD122+ progenitor cells from the liver to the developing thymus where a majority of Sca1+ intrathymic T-cell progenitors were CD122+. Analysis of CD122 expression in the day 12 fetal liver revealed that the majority of B220+ cells were CD122+. Furthermore, CD122 expression was restricted to the earliest B220+ cells (CD43+CD24-; prepro B cells; fraction A) that proliferate vigorously to IL-2 in the absence of any stromal cells, but not to IL-15. Consistent with a role for the IL-2/IL- 2R pathway in lymphocyte development is the progressive loss of B cells seen in IL-2-deficient mice. Together, these observations suggest that CD122 plays a role in regulating normal lymphocyte development in vivo.

scholarly journals Regulated expression and function of CD122 (interleukin-2/interleukin- 15R-beta) during lymphoid development

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Reya ◽  
JA Yang-Snyder ◽  
EV Rothenberg ◽  
SR Carding
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Development ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Embryo Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Receptor Beta

Abstract To determine whether signaling via CD122 (interleukin-2 [IL-2]/IL-15 receptor beta-chain) plays a role in regulating the expansion and differentiation of lymphocyte precursors, we have characterized its expression and evaluated its ability to influence the activity of developing lymphoid cells. A significant fraction of Sca1+Lin- hematopoietic stem cells in day 12 fetal liver were found to be CD122+. CD122-mRNA+ and IL-2-mRNA+ cells were also localized in embryo sections within pharyngeal blood vessels adjacent to and surrounding the thymic analgen. This distribution is consistent with the migration of CD122+ progenitor cells from the liver to the developing thymus where a majority of Sca1+ intrathymic T-cell progenitors were CD122+. Analysis of CD122 expression in the day 12 fetal liver revealed that the majority of B220+ cells were CD122+. Furthermore, CD122 expression was restricted to the earliest B220+ cells (CD43+CD24-; prepro B cells; fraction A) that proliferate vigorously to IL-2 in the absence of any stromal cells, but not to IL-15. Consistent with a role for the IL-2/IL- 2R pathway in lymphocyte development is the progressive loss of B cells seen in IL-2-deficient mice. Together, these observations suggest that CD122 plays a role in regulating normal lymphocyte development in vivo.

scholarly journals Seed anatomy and germination of Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien (Arecaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Iossi ◽  
Fabiola Vitti Moro ◽  
Rubens Sader
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Embryo Sections ◽  
Electronic Microscope ◽  
Secondary Roots

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology, anatomy and germination behaviour of Phoenix roebelenii seeds. Biometric data were obtained by measuring 100 seeds extracted from recently harvested fruits and air-dried for one day. Four replications of 50 seeds each were previously treated with Vitavax-Thiran and then put to germinate in Sphagnum sp. in plastic trays at room temperature. Morphological details of the seeds were documented with the help of a scanning electronic microscope and then drawings were made with the help of a clear camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Permanent lamina containing embryo sections were prepared to study its anatomy. The mean dimensions of the seeds were: length of 10.32mm, width of 5.21mm and thickness of 3.91mm. The weight of one thousand seeds was of 151.1g and the mean number of units.kg-1 was 6,600. Germination started between 27 and 58 days after sowing. The seeds are of the albuminous type, the endosperm is hard and the embryo (which is not clearly differentiated) occupies a lateral and peripheral position. During seed germination, seedling protrusion begins with the opening of an operculum, through which the cotyledon petiole is emitted with the embryonic axis at its tip. The portion of the cotyledon petiole that remains inside the seeds acts as a haustorium for the absorption of nutrients from the endosperm. The plumule emerges through a rift in the posterior part of the cotyledon. Secondary roots are observed to grow from the anterior part of the primary root.

Transgenic peach plants (Prunus persica L.) produced by genetic transformation of embryo sections using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as an in vivo marker

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. P�rez-Clemente ◽  
Amparo P�rez-Sanju�n ◽  
Lorenzo Garc�a-F�rriz ◽  
Jos�-P�o Beltr�n ◽  
Luis A. Ca�as
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Embryo Sections ◽  
Green Fluorescent

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Diverse Cultivation-Recalcitrant Endophytic Bacteria Elucidated Using Watermelon Seed Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pious Thomas ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Embryo Sections

Seed transmission of endophytic microorganisms is a growing research area in plant biology and microbiology. We employed cultivation versus cultivation-independent approaches on excised embryos from watermelon seeds (6–12 months in storage) and on embryo-derived in vitro seedlings (EIVS) to assess the vertical transmission of endophytic bacteria. Surface-disinfected watermelon seeds bore abundant residual bacteria in the testa and perisperm tissues, predominantly Bacillus spp. propounding the essentiality of excluding all non-embryonic tissues for vertical transmission studies. Tissue homogenates from re-disinfected seed embryos displayed no cultivable bacteria during the 1-week monitoring. Bright-field live microscopy revealed abundant bacteria in tissue homogenates and in embryo sections as intracellular motile particles. Confocal imaging on embryo sections after SYTO-9 staining and eubacterial fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) endorsed enormous bacterial colonization. Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)-based 16S rRNA V3–V4 taxonomic profiling excluding the preponderant chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences revealed a high bacterial diversity in watermelon seed embryos mainly Firmicutes barring spore formers followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, and other minor phyla. Embryo-base (comprising the radicle plus plumule parts) and embryo-cotyledon parts differed in bacterial profiles with the abundance of Firmicutes in the former and Proteobacteria dominance in the latter. EIVS displayed a higher bacterial diversity over seed embryos indicating the activation from the dormant stage of more organisms in seedlings or their better amenability to DNA techniques. It also indicated embryo-to-seedling bacterial transmission, varying taxonomic abundances for seed embryos and seedlings, and differing phylogenic profiles for root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon/shoot-tip tissues. Investigations on different watermelon cultivars confirmed the embryo transmission of diverse cultivation recalcitrant endophytic bacteria. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes formed the core phyla across different cultivars with 80–90% similarity at genus to phylum levels. Conversely, freshly harvested seeds displayed a dominance of Proteobacteria. The findings revealed that dicot seeds such as in different watermelon cultivars come packaged with abundant and diverse vertical and seedling-transmissible cultivation recalcitrant endophytic bacteria with significant implications for plant biology.

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