Different patterns of transcription from the two Antennapedia promoters during Drosophila embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Bermingham ◽  
A. Martinez-Arias ◽  
M.G. Petitt ◽  
M.P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Bithorax Complex ◽  
Drosophila Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Sections

The homeotic genes of Drosophila control the differentiation of segments during development. Mutations in these genes cause one or more segments to develop structures normally found elsewhere in the organism. Several studies have shown that the spatial patterns of homeotic gene transcription are highly complex, and that these precise patterns of transcription are critical to normal development. The homeotic gene Antennapedia (Antp), a member of the Antennapedia Complex, is required for the correct differentiation of thoracic segments in both embryos and adults. The patterns of total Antp transcript and protein accumulation have been described in detail, but the contribution of each promoter to the overall pattern in embryos has not been reported. We have examined in detail the spatial distribution of transcripts from each of the Antp promoters in both embryo sections and whole embryos by in situ hybridization using promoter-specific probes. We show that the transcripts from each of the two promoters accumulate in distinct, but overlapping patterns during embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that the two Antp promoters are differentially regulated in embryos and provide a basis for examining the regulation of the two promoters and characterizing more fully the function of Antp during embryogenesis. In addition, we have examined the regulation of each of the Antp promoters by genes of the bithorax complex (BX-C). We show that in BX-C- embryos both promoters are derepressed in the abdomen.

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

Recurring Translocation (10;17) and Deletion (14q) in Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel A. Brownlee ◽  
L. Allen Perkins ◽  
Will Stewart ◽  
Beth Jackle ◽  
Mark J. Pettenati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Clear Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Chromosome 17P13

Abstract Context.—Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a prognostically unfavorable renal neoplasm of childhood. Previous cytogenetic studies of CCSK have reported balanced translocations t(10;17)(q22;p13) and t(10;17)(q11; p12). Although the tumor suppressor gene p53 is located at the chromosome 17p13 breakpoint, p53 abnormalities are rarely present in these tumors. Objective.—To identify cytogenetic abnormalities in CCSK and correlate these findings with other clinicopathologic parameters. Design.—A retrospective review of CCSK patients from 1990 to 2005 was conducted at our medical center. We performed clinical and histologic review, p53 immunohistochemical and classic cytogenetics (or ploidy analysis), and p53 fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Results.—Five male patients (age range, 6 months to 4 years) were identified with cytogenetic abnormalities. Of 3 cytogenetically informative cases, one revealed a clonal balanced translocation t(10;17)(q22;p13) and an interstitial deletion of chromosome 14, del(14)(q24.1q31.1), and the other 2 patients had normal karyotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for p53 in the t(10;17) case revealed no deletion. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 demonstrated lack of nuclear protein accumulation in all cases. Conclusions.—Together with the published literature, our results indicate that translocation (10;17) and interstitial deletions of chromosome 14q are recurring cytogenetic lesions in CCSK. To date, 3 cases of CCSK or “sarcomatoid Wilms tumors” have been reported to exhibit t(10;17). One previously reported case of CCSK contained deletion 14q. Results of p53 immunohistochemistry and/or p53 fluorescence in situ hybridization in this report suggest lack of mutations or deletions of this tumor suppressor in these CCSK cases. The t(10;17) breakpoint and deletion of chromosome 14q24 suggest that other genes are involved in tumor pathogenesis.

Mouse homeo-genes within a subfamily, Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1, display similar anteroposterior domains of expression in the embryo, but show stage- and tissue-dependent differences in their regulation

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Gaunt ◽  
R. Krumlauf ◽  
D. Duboule
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Embryo Sections

By use of in situ hybridization experiments on mouse embryo sections, we compare the transcript patterns of three homeo-genes from the Hox-1.4 subfamily (Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1). Genes within a subfamily are true homologues, present in the genome as a result of duplication of an ancestral homeo-gene cluster. We show that Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1 are similar, although apparently not identical, in the limits of their transcript domains along the anteroposterior axis. Within the prevertebral column of the 12 1/2 day embryo, for example, the anterior boundary of transcripts for each of the three genes was most obvious at the junction of the first and second prevertebrae. Similarly, all three genes showed an anterior boundary of transcripts within the central nervous system that was located in the mid-myelencephalon of the hindbrain. Both in the prevertebral column and hindbrain, however, Hox-2.6 and Hox-5.1 transcripts extended slightly anterior to the anteriormost limits detected for Hox-1.4. In spite of close similarities in the positions of their transcript domains, Hox-1.4, -2.6 and -5.1 displayed striking stage- and tissue-dependent differences in the relative abundance of their transcripts. For example, Hox-5.1 transcripts were abundant within mesoderm and ectoderm of early stages (8 1/2 and 9 1/2 days), yet were detected only weakly in mesodermal components of the lung and stomach at 10 1/2 days, and were apparently absent from these tissues at 12 1/2 days. In contrast, Hox-1.4 and Hox-2.6 transcripts were relatively weakly detected at 8 1/2 and 9 1/2 days, but were abundant within the lung and stomach at 12 1/2 days. Our findings suggest, but do not prove, that genes within the Hox-1.4 subfamily might be coordinately regulated in their expression. We discuss the patterns of mouse homeo-gene expression now observed in terms of models originally devised for Drosophila. We also propose how our new findings may help to explain any selective advantage to the vertebrates of homeo-gene duplication to form subfamilies.

Considerations in the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy to characterize rumen methanogens and define their spatial distributions

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith R. Valle ◽  
Gemma Henderson ◽  
Peter H. Janssen ◽  
Faith Cox ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser

In this study, methanogen-specific coenzyme F420autofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to identify rumen methanogens and define their spatial distribution in free-living, biofilm-, and protozoa-associated microenvironments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with temperature-controlled hybridization was used in an attempt to describe methanogen diversity. A heat pretreatment (65 °C, 1 h) was found to be a noninvasive method to increase probe access to methanogen RNA targets. Despite efforts to optimize FISH, 16S rRNA methanogen-specific probes, including Arch915, bound to some cells that lacked F420, possibly identifying uncharacterized Methanomassiliicoccales or reflecting nonspecific binding to other members of the rumen bacterial community. A probe targeting RNA from the methanogenesis-specific methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcr) gene was shown to detect cultured Methanosarcina cells with signal intensities comparable to those of 16S rRNA probes. However, the probe failed to hybridize with the majority of F420-emitting rumen methanogens, possibly because of differences in cell wall permeability among methanogen species. Methanogens were shown to integrate into microbial biofilms and to exist as ecto- and endosymbionts with rumen protozoa. Characterizing rumen methanogens and defining their spatial distribution may provide insight into mitigation strategies for ruminal methanogenesis.

scholarly journals Drosophila laminin: sequence of B2 subunit and expression of all three subunits during embryogenesis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2441-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Montell ◽  
C S Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Drosophila Embryogenesis ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In a previous study, we described the cloning of the genes encoding the three subunits of Drosophila laminin, a substrate adhesion molecule, and the cDNA sequence of the B1 subunit (Montell and Goodman, 1988). This analysis revealed the similarity of Drosophila laminin with the mouse and human complexes in subunit composition, domain structure, and amino acid sequence. In this paper, we report the deduced amino acid sequence of the B2 subunit. We then describe the expression and tissue distribution of the three subunits of laminin during Drosophila embryogenesis using both in situ hybridization and immunolocalization techniques, with particular emphasis on its expression in and around the developing nervous system.

scholarly journals LEUNIG regulates AGAMOUS expression in Arabidopsis flowers

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
E.M. Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Genetic Screen ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Homeotic Mutant ◽  
Altered Expression Pattern ◽  
Floral Homeotic

LEUNIG was identified in a genetic screen designed to isolate second-site enhancer mutations of the floral homeotic mutant apetala2-1. leunig mutations not only enhance apetala2, but by themselves cause a similar but less-pronounced homeotic transformation than apetala2 mutations. leunig flowers have sepals that are transformed toward stamens and carpels, and petals that are either staminoid or absent. In situ hybridization experiments with leunig mutants revealed altered expression pattern of the floral homeotic genes APETALA1, APETALA3, PISTILLATA, and AGAMOUS. Double mutants of leunig and agamous exhibited a phenotype similar to agamous single mutants, indicating that agamous is epistatic to leunig. Our analysis suggests that a key role of LEUNIG is to negatively regulate AGAMOUS expression in the first two whorls of the Arabidopsis flower.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of Escherichia coli in the mouse large intestine inferred from rRNA in situ hybridization.

1994 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 5191-5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
L K Poulsen ◽  
F Lan ◽  
C S Kristensen ◽  
P Hobolth ◽  
S Molin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Large Intestine
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