scholarly journals Following Endocrine-Disrupting Effects on Gene Expression in Xenopus laevis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2019 (7) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot098301
Author(s):  
Petra Spirhanzlova ◽  
Michelle Leemans ◽  
Barbara A. Demeneix ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Fini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

scholarly journals The thyroid hormone receptor gene (c-erbA alpha) is expressed in advance of thyroid gland maturation during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Banker ◽  
J Bigler ◽  
R N Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Xenopus Development

The c-erbA proto-oncogene encodes the thyroid hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor which plays an important role in vertebrate growth and development. To define the role of the thyroid hormone receptor in developmental processes, we have begun studying c-erbA gene expression during the ontogeny of Xenopus laevis, an organism in which thyroid hormone has well-documented effects on morphogenesis. Using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a sensitive assay of specific gene expression, we found that polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA is present in Xenopus cells at early developmental stages, including the fertilized egg, blastula, gastrula, and neurula. By performing erbA alpha-specific PCR on reverse-transcribed RNAs from high-density sucrose gradient fractions prepared from early-stage embryos, we have demonstrated that these erbA transcripts are recruited to polysomes. Therefore, erbA is expressed in Xenopus development prior to the appearance of the thyroid gland anlage in tailbud-stage embryos. This implies that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play ligand-independent roles during the early development of X. laevis. Quantitative PCR revealed a greater than 25-fold range in the steady-state levels of polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA across early stages of development, as expressed relative to equimolar amounts of total embryonic RNA. Substantial increases in the levels of erbA alpha RNA were noted at stages well after the onset of zygotic transcription at the mid-blastula transition, with accumulation of erbA alpha transcripts reaching a relative maximum in advance of metamorphosis. We also show that erbA alpha RNAs are expressed unequally across Xenopus neural tube embryos. This differential expression continues through later stages of development, including metamorphosis. This finding suggests that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play roles in tissue-specific processes across all of Xenopus development.

trans activation of rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression by micro-coinjection of rat liver mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5244-5247
Author(s):  
N Benvenisty ◽  
T Shoshani ◽  
Y Farkash ◽  
H Soreq ◽  
L Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Chimeric Construct

To study the liver-specific trans activation of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene, the PEPCK promoter was linked to a reporter gene and was microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes alone or in conjunction with rat liver poly(A)+ RNA. The rat liver mRNA markedly enhanced the expression of the PEPCK-chimeric construct. This effect appeared to be sequence specific, as it was dependent on the presence of the intact promoter. Moreover, the RNA effect was limited to mRNA preparations from PEPCK-expressing tissues only. Finally, microinjection of size-fractionated liver mRNA revealed that the trans-acting factor(s) is encoded by RNA of 1,600 to 2,000 nucleotides, providing a direct bioassay for the gene(s) involved in this tissue-specific trans-activation process.

scholarly journals Symbiotic Gene Activation is Interrupted by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 653-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Fox ◽  
Matthew E. Burow ◽  
John A. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Symbiotic Gene ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Plant Chemicals ◽  
By Products

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include organochlorine pesticides, plastics manufacturing by-products, and certain herbicides[1]. These chemicals have been shown to disrupt hormonal signaling in exposed wildlife, lab animals, and mammalian cell culture by binding to estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β) and affecting the expression of estrogen responsive genes[2,3]. Additionally, certain plant chemicals, termed phytoestrogens, are also able to bind to estrogen receptors and modulate gene expression, and as such also may be considered EDCs[4]. One example of phytoestrogen action is genistein, a phytochemical produced by soybeans, binding estrogen receptors, and changing expression of estrogen responsive genes which certain studies have linked to a lower incidence of hormonally related cancers in Japanese populations[5]. Why would plants make compounds that are able to act as estrogens in the human body? Obviously, soybeans do not intentionally produce phytoestrogens to prevent breast cancer in Japanese women.

Identification of gene expression indicators for thyroid axis disruption in a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis screening assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren C. Helbing ◽  
Carmen M. Bailey ◽  
Lan Ji ◽  
Mark P. Gunderson ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Thyroid Axis

Two endocrine disrupting dibutyl phthalate degrading esterases and their compensatory gene expression in Sphingobium sp. SM42

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirongrong Whangsuk ◽  
Pareenart Sungkeeree ◽  
Monnapa Nakasiri ◽  
Sirinthra Thiengmag ◽  
Skorn Mongkolsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document