scholarly journals Distinct patterns of endosulfatase gene expression during Xenopus laevis limb development and regeneration

Regeneration ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi‐Hsuan Wang ◽  
Caroline Beck
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Limb Development

scholarly journals The thyroid hormone receptor gene (c-erbA alpha) is expressed in advance of thyroid gland maturation during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Banker ◽  
J Bigler ◽  
R N Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Xenopus Development

The c-erbA proto-oncogene encodes the thyroid hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor which plays an important role in vertebrate growth and development. To define the role of the thyroid hormone receptor in developmental processes, we have begun studying c-erbA gene expression during the ontogeny of Xenopus laevis, an organism in which thyroid hormone has well-documented effects on morphogenesis. Using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a sensitive assay of specific gene expression, we found that polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA is present in Xenopus cells at early developmental stages, including the fertilized egg, blastula, gastrula, and neurula. By performing erbA alpha-specific PCR on reverse-transcribed RNAs from high-density sucrose gradient fractions prepared from early-stage embryos, we have demonstrated that these erbA transcripts are recruited to polysomes. Therefore, erbA is expressed in Xenopus development prior to the appearance of the thyroid gland anlage in tailbud-stage embryos. This implies that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play ligand-independent roles during the early development of X. laevis. Quantitative PCR revealed a greater than 25-fold range in the steady-state levels of polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA across early stages of development, as expressed relative to equimolar amounts of total embryonic RNA. Substantial increases in the levels of erbA alpha RNA were noted at stages well after the onset of zygotic transcription at the mid-blastula transition, with accumulation of erbA alpha transcripts reaching a relative maximum in advance of metamorphosis. We also show that erbA alpha RNAs are expressed unequally across Xenopus neural tube embryos. This differential expression continues through later stages of development, including metamorphosis. This finding suggests that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play roles in tissue-specific processes across all of Xenopus development.

The dominant hemimelia mutation uncouples epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and disrupts anterior mesenchyme formation in mouse hindlimbs

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (21) ◽  
pp. 4729-4736
Author(s):  
L. Lettice ◽  
J. Hecksher-Sorensen ◽  
R.E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Mouse Mutation ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Limb Outgrowth ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Regulatory Loop ◽  
Limb Initiation

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for both limb outgrowth and pattern formation in the limb. Molecules capable of communication between these two tissues are known and include the signaling molecules SHH and FGF4, FGF8 and FGF10. Evidence suggests that the pattern and maintenance of expression of these genes are dependent on a number of factors including regulatory loops between genes expressed in the AER and those in the underlying mesenchyme. We show here that the mouse mutation dominant hemimelia (Dh) alters the pattern of gene expression in the AER such that Fgf4, which is normally expressed in a posterior domain, and Fgf8, which is expressed throughout are expressed in anterior patterns. We show that maintenance of Shh expression in the posterior mesenchyme is not dependent on either expression of Fgf4 or normal levels of Fgf8 in the overlying AER. Conversely, AER expression of Fgf4 is not directly dependent on Shh expression. Also the reciprocal regulatory loop proposed for Fgf8 in the AER and Fgf10 in the underlying mesenchyme is also uncoupled by this mutation. Early during the process of limb initiation, Dh is involved in regulating the width of the limb bud, the mutation resulting in selective loss of anterior mesenchyme. The Dh gene functions in the initial stages of limb development and we suggest that these initial roles are linked to mechanisms that pattern gene expression in the AER.

trans activation of rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression by micro-coinjection of rat liver mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5244-5247
Author(s):  
N Benvenisty ◽  
T Shoshani ◽  
Y Farkash ◽  
H Soreq ◽  
L Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Chimeric Construct

To study the liver-specific trans activation of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene, the PEPCK promoter was linked to a reporter gene and was microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes alone or in conjunction with rat liver poly(A)+ RNA. The rat liver mRNA markedly enhanced the expression of the PEPCK-chimeric construct. This effect appeared to be sequence specific, as it was dependent on the presence of the intact promoter. Moreover, the RNA effect was limited to mRNA preparations from PEPCK-expressing tissues only. Finally, microinjection of size-fractionated liver mRNA revealed that the trans-acting factor(s) is encoded by RNA of 1,600 to 2,000 nucleotides, providing a direct bioassay for the gene(s) involved in this tissue-specific trans-activation process.

Identification of gene expression indicators for thyroid axis disruption in a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis screening assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren C. Helbing ◽  
Carmen M. Bailey ◽  
Lan Ji ◽  
Mark P. Gunderson ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Thyroid Axis

scholarly journals Gene expression pattern of Alk2, Smad1, Smad5, Smad8 and Smad6 during limb development

2007 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
René F. Abarca Buis ◽  
Marcia Bustamante ◽  
Jesús Chimal Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern

scholarly journals Following Endocrine-Disrupting Effects on Gene Expression in Xenopus laevis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2019 (7) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot098301
Author(s):  
Petra Spirhanzlova ◽  
Michelle Leemans ◽  
Barbara A. Demeneix ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Fini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting
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