scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during a compatible interaction with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresia Nyambura Macharia ◽  
Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo ◽  
Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Down Regulation

AbstractRoot-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) presents a great challenge to Solanaceae crops, including the potato. In this report, we conducted an investigation to understand the transcriptional regulation of molecular responses in potato roots during a compatible interaction following RKN infection. In this study, analysis of gene expression profiles using RNA-seq of Solanum tuberosum cv Mondial with RKN interaction at 0, 3- and 7-days post-inoculation (dpi). In total, 4,948 and 4,484 genes were respectively detected as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 7 dpi. Functional annotation revealed that genes associated with metabolic process were enriched at the transcriptional level suggesting they have an important role in RKN disease development. Nematode infection caused down-regulation of 282 genes associated with pathogen perception hence interfering with activation plant immune system. Further, late activation of pathogenesis-related genes, down-regulation disease resistance genes and activation of host antioxidant system contributed to a susceptible response. Activation of Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway and protease inhibitors was due to wounding during nematode migration and feeding. Nematode infection suppressed ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway hindering SA/ET responsive genes involved with defense. Induction of auxin biosynthesis genes, regulation of cytokinin levels and up-regulation of transporter genes facilitated of nematode feeding sites (NFSs) initiation. The regulation of several families of transcription factors (TFs) in the plant, such as WRKY, GRAS, ERF BHLH and MYB, was affected by RKN infection disrupting plant defense signalling pathways. This clearly suggest that TFs played an indispensable role in physiological adaptation for successful RKN disease development. This genome-wide analysis revealed the molecular regulatory networks in potato roots which are successfully manipulated by RKN. Being the first study analysing transcriptome profiling of RKN diseased potato, it will provide unparalleled insight into the mechanism underlying disease development.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Responses to Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) Infestation during A Compatible Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Teresia N. Macharia ◽  
Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo ◽  
Lucy N. Moleleki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Down Regulation

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne javanica presents a great challenge to Solanaceae crops, including potato. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses of potato roots during a compatible interaction with M. javanica. In this respect, differential gene expression of Solanum tuberosum cultivar (cv.) Mondial challenged with M. javanica at 0, 3 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) was profiled. In total, 4948 and 4484 genes were detected, respectively, as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 7 dpi. Functional annotation revealed that genes associated with metabolic processes were enriched, suggesting they might have an important role in M. javanica disease development. MapMan analysis revealed down-regulation of genes associated with pathogen perception and signaling suggesting interference with plant immunity system. Notably, delayed activation of pathogenesis-related genes, down-regulation of disease resistance genes, and activation of host antioxidant system contributed to a susceptible response. Nematode infestation suppressed ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway hindering JA/ET responsive genes associated with defense. Genes related to cell wall modification were differentially regulated while transport-related genes were up-regulated, facilitating the formation of nematode feeding sites (NFSs). Several families of transcription factors (TFs) were differentially regulated by M. javanica infestation. Suggesting that TFs play an indispensable role in physiological adaptation for successful M. javanica disease development. This genome-wide analysis reveals the molecular regulatory networks in potato roots which are potentially manipulated by M. javanica. Being the first study analyzing transcriptome profiling of M. javanica-diseased potato, it provides unparalleled insight into the mechanism underlying disease development.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of resistant and susceptible responses in a new model root-knot nematode infection system using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
Taketo Uehara ◽  
Julia Holbein ◽  
Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto ◽  
Pamela Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Solanum Torvum

ABSTRACTRoot-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induces the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.

scholarly journals The predicted Meloidogyne javanica effectome is governed by the 9-hydroxide oxylipin of linolenic acid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Fitoussi ◽  
Eli Borrego ◽  
Michael V Kolomiets ◽  
Qing Xue ◽  
Patricia Bucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Defense Signaling ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Tomato Roots

Abstract Background: The sedentary root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. secretes effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, supporting construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Results: Comprehensive oxylipin profiling of tomato roots, performed using LC–MS/MS, indicated a sharp fluctuation in oxylipin profile following Root Knot Nematode infection. To identify genes that might respond to the lipidomic defense pathway mediated through oxylipins, RNA-Seq was performed by exposing Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles to tomato protoplasts and the oxylipin 9-HOT, early induced in tomato roots upon nematode infection. A total of 4810 differentially expressed genes were identified. To target putative effectors, we explored differentially expressed genes carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among these, several were homologous with known effectors in other nematode species; other unknown, potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematode effectors that are induced by plant lipid signals. These include effectors functioning in the manipulation of plant defense signaling and root lipidomics, cell-wall weakening, detoxifying the stressful environment at the plant-nematode interface, allowing feeding site construction and development. Conclusions: Being an integral part of the plant's defense response, oxylipins may play an important signaling role in the regulation of nematode effectors. Herein we uncover activation of specific oxylipins signaling pathways upon nematode infection, which in turn result in reprogramming the nematode effector repertoires responsible for promotion of feeding site construction and nematode parasitism.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of a soybean small heat shock protein involved in the resistance response to Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen Mika Hishinuma-Silva ◽  
Valéria Stefania Lopes-Caitar ◽  
Rafael Bruno Guayato Nomura ◽  
Bruna Caroline Sercero ◽  
Aline Garcia da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Abstract Background: Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belong to the class of molecular chaperones that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Previous studies have identified strong induction of the GmHsp22.4 gene in response to Meloidogyne javanica nematode in resistant soybean genotypes compared to susceptible one. This study aimed to investigate the functional involvement of this small chaperone in response to M. javanica. First, it was evaluated the activation of the promoter region by nematode’s infection and the occurrence of polymorphisms between resistant and susceptible resequenced soybean accessions in the gene coding and promoter regions. Then functional analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing the soybean GmHsp22.4 gene, and knocked out mutants were challenged to M. javanica’s infection.Results: High expression levels of the GFP gene marker in transformed A. thaliana plants revealed that the promoter region of GmHsp22.4 was strongly activated after nematode infection. However, structural analysis of the soybean resistant and susceptible genotypes did not detect any polymorphisms in the whole gene model, including the 2.0 kb promoter region. Moreover, the reproduction of the nematode was significantly reduced in plants overexpressing GmHsp22.4 gene in A. thaliana compared to the wild type. Additionally, the reproduction of M. javanica in the A. thaliana mutants was significantly increased and was related with the structural organization of heat shock cis element (HSE) in the promoter.Conclusions: The soybean chaperone GmHsp22.4 is involved in the defense response to root-knot nematode M. javanica’s infection in A. thaliana. The HSE in the promoter region close to the transcriptional start site (TSS) are important to GmHsp22.4 promoter activation after nematode infection. It was not possible to detect any polymorphisms occurrence in GmHsp22.4 gene between the M. javanica-resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes, so the resistance mechanism might not be related with the transcriptional regulation in the initiation process or based on sequence level on the TSS.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
Taketo Uehara ◽  
Julia Holbein ◽  
Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto ◽  
Pamela Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Solanum Torvum

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.

UBE2L6 is Involved in Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating the Transcription of ABCB6

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Murakami ◽  
Hiroto Izumi ◽  
Tomoko Kurita ◽  
Chiho Koi ◽  
Yasuo Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Resistant Cells

Background: Cisplatin is an important anticancer agent in cancer chemotherapy, but when resistant cells appear, treatment becomes difficult, and the prognosis is poor. Objective: In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile in cisplatin sensitive and resistant cells, and identified the genes involved in cisplatin resistance. Methods: Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed that UBE2L6 mRNA is highly expressed in resistant cells. To elucidate whether UBE2L6 is involved in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance, UBE2L6- overexpressing cells established from cisplatin-sensitive cells and UBE2L6-silenced cells developed from cisplatin- resistant cells were generated, and the sensitivity of cisplatin was examined. Results: The sensitivity of the UBE2L6-overexpressing cells did not change compared with the control cells, but the UBE2L6-silenced cells were sensitized to cisplatin. To elucidate the mechanism of UBE2L6 in cisplatin resistance, we compared the gene expression profiles of UBE2L6-silenced cells and control cells and found that the level of ABCB6 mRNA involved in cisplatin resistance was decreased. Moreover, ABCB6 promoter activity was partially suppressed in UBE2L6-silenced cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that cisplatin-resistant cells have upregulated UBE2L6 expression and contribute to cisplatin resistance by regulating ABCB6 expression at the transcriptional level. UBE2L6 might be a molecular target that overcomes cisplatin resistance.

scholarly journals Mineral composition of beetroot treated with potential elicitors and inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Elicitor Treatments

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica can infect beetroots, causing extensive damage to this food crop. As chemical and genetic control tactics have shown limited efficacy, new strategies are needed to improve the integrated management of this parasite. This study assessed the influence of potential defence elicitors and M. javanica infection on the mineral composition of beetroot. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), citrus biomass, or a mannanoligosaccharide-based product (MOS) and inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, beetroot plants were harvested and evaluated for nematode population density, vegetative growth, and mineral content. Results All potential elicitors reduced nematode population density in beetroots (p ≤ 0.10) and improved the vegetative parameters of inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05), except shoot fresh weight. Some minerals were found to be negatively affected by treatments, particularly calcium, whose levels were consistently lower in treated plants. On the other hand, M. javanica inoculation increased magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper contents in beetroots. However, the latter mineral (Cu content) of inoculated plants was positively influenced by MOS and ASM. Conclusion Potential elicitor treatments did not improve the mineral composition of beetroot, but were effective in reducing nematode population density. Plants inoculated with M. javanica had higher mineral levels. However, gall formation decreases the commercial value of the crop and might render it unsuitable for commercialisation. M. javanica-infected beetroots may be used for nutrient extraction or sold to food processing industries.

scholarly journals PSIV-11 Effects of very low-dose antibiotics on gene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Sungbong Jang ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that supplementation of low-dose antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) exacerbated growth performance and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). The objective of this experiment, which is extension of our previous report, was to investigate the effect of low-dose AGP on gene expression in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 E. coli. Thirty-four pigs (6.88 ± 1.03 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three treatments (9 to 13 pigs/treatment). The three dietary treatments were control diet (control), and 2 additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg of AGP (carbadox), respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation (d 0)]. The F18 E. coli inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with the dose of 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 consecutive days. Total RNA [4 to 6 pigs/treatment on d 5; 5 to 7 pigs/treatment on 11 post-inoculation (PI)] was extracted from ileal mucosa to analyze gene expression profiles by Batch-Tag-Seq. The modulated differential gene expression were defined by 1.5-fold difference and a cutoff of P < 0.05 using limma-voom package. All processed data were statistically analyzed and evaluated by PANTHER classification system to determine the biological process function of genes in these lists. Compared to control, supplementation of recommended-dose AGP down-regulated genes related to inflammatory responses on d 5 and 11 PI; whereas, feeding low-dose AGP up-regulated genes associated with negative regulation of metabolic process on d 5, but down-regulated the genes related to immune responses on d 11 PI. The present observations support adverse effects of low-dose AGP in our previous study, indicated by exacerbated the detrimental effects of E. coli infection on pigs’ growth rate, diarrhea and systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Jie Tan ◽  
Shuping Huang ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plant Nematode

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries. Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, is employed worldwide as rootstock for eggplant cultivation due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases such as RKNs. In this study, to identify the RKN defense mechanisms, the transcriptomic profiles of eggplant and Solanum torvum were compared. A total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the response to RKN infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the processes of response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Many phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, and NAC) were differentially expressed at the four time points (ck, 7, 14, and 28 days post-infection). The abscisic acid signaling pathway might be involved in plant-nematode interactions. qRT-PCR validated the expression levels of some of the DEGs in eggplant. These findings demonstrate the nematode-induced expression profiles and provide some insights into the nematode resistance mechanism in eggplant.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils-Based Supplement and Salmonella Infection on Gene Expression, Blood Parameters, Cecal Microbiome, and Egg Production in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Georgi Yu. Laptev ◽  
Elena A. Yildirim ◽  
Larisa A. Ilina ◽  
Valentina A. Filippova ◽  
Ivan I. Kochish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Blood Biochemical

One of the main roles in poultry resistance to infections caused by Salmonella is attributed to host immunity and intestinal microbiota. We conducted an experiment that involved challenging Lohmann White laying hens with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), feeding them a diet supplemented with an EOs-based phytobiotic Intebio®. At 1 and 7 days post-inoculation, the expression profiles of eight genes related to immunity, transport of nutrients in the intestine, and metabolism were examined. Cecal microbiome composition and blood biochemical/immunological indices were also explored and egg production traits recorded. As a result, the SE challenge of laying hens and Intebio® administration had either a suppressive or activating effect on the expression level of the studied genes (e.g., IL6 and BPIFB3), the latter echoing mammalian/human tissue-specific expression. There were also effects of the pathogen challenge and phytobiotic intake on the cecal microbiome profiles and blood biochemical/immunological parameters, including those reflecting the activity of the birds’ immune systems (e.g., serum bactericidal activity, β-lysine content, and immunoglobulin levels). Significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in egg performance traits (i.e., egg weight/number/mass) were also found. The phytobiotic administration suggested a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of poultry.

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