scholarly journals Skeletal and Dental Development Preserve Evidence of Energetic Stress in the Moose of Isle Royale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brown ◽  
C.E. Rinaldi ◽  
W. J. Ripple ◽  
B. Van Valkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Isle Royale ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Isle Royale National Park ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Moose Population ◽  
Fossil Records

AbstractFood shortages can leave diagnostic, and in the case of the dentition, irreversible changes in mineralized tissue that persist into historical and fossil records. Consequently, developmental defects of tooth enamel might be used to track ungulate population irruption but dental tissue’s capacity for preserving historical population density changes has yet to be investigated in wild populations. We test the ability of enamel defects, mandible and metapodial lengths to track changes in the well-known fluctuating moose population of Isle Royale National Park. Our study demonstrates that 1) a moose density threshold exists on the island above which there is a significant decrease in mandible and metatarsus length and a concomitant increase in enamel hypoplasias, 2) food limitation has a more pronounced effect on male than female skeletal growth, and 3) combined data from tooth enamel hypoplasias and bone lengths reflect the relative density of this ungulate population, and should be broadly applicable to other ungulate osteological samples. Developmental defects in dental enamel were among the highest recorded in a wild population, and even during low-density intervals the population density of Isle Royale moose has been high enough to negatively impact skeletal and dental growth, indicating the comparatively poor health of this century-old ecosystem

Moose Browsing and Soil Fertility in the Boreal Forests of Isle Royale National Park

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pastor ◽  
B. Dewey ◽  
R. J. Naiman ◽  
P. F. McInnes ◽  
Y. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
National Park ◽  
Isle Royale ◽  
Isle Royale National Park ◽  
Moose Browsing

scholarly journals Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigho Pelisson Guergolette ◽  
Cássia Cilene Dezan ◽  
Wanda Terezinha Garbelini Frossard ◽  
Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Alcindo Cerci Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) in relation to asthma severity, symptom onset and pharmacological treatment in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS: Children and adolescents (68 asthma patients and 68 controls), 5-15 years of age and residents of the city of Londrina, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Medical and dental histories were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Each participant underwent a dental examination in which the examiner employed the DDE index. RESULTS: Of the 68 asthma group subjects, 61 (89.7%) presented dental enamel defects, compared with only 26 (38.2%) of those in the control group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we estimated the risk of DDEs in permanent dentition to be 11 times higher in pediatric subjects with asthma than in those without (OR = 11.88, p = 0.0001). The occurrence of dental enamel defects correlated with greater asthma severity (p = 0.0001) and earlier symptom onset (p = 0.0001). However, dental enamel defects did not correlate with the initiation of treatment (p = 0.08) or the frequency of medication use (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with severe, early-onset asthma are at increased risk of dental enamel defects and therefore require priority dental care.

scholarly journals Bioadhesive Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation and Its Potential to Cause Undesirable Effects on Dental and Restorative Surfaces

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Bárbara Donadon Reina ◽  
Carolina Santezi Neto ◽  
Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia ◽  
Marlus Chorilli ◽  
Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Restorative Materials

Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has shown great potential to disinfect specific sites on tooth enamel but may involve contact with restorative materials. Thus, before use in dentistry, it is necessary to investigate whether the PDI protocol causes undesirable changes in the surfaces of aesthetic restorative materials and dental enamel. This study investigated the effect of PDI mediated by curcumin (CUR) in a liquid crystal precursor system on color stability (ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and microhardness (kgf) of three different composite resins and bovine dental enamel specimens. The microhardness and roughness readings were performed 60 days after the treatments while the color readings were performed immediately, 24, 48, and 72 h, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after the treatments. Results showed that CUR mediated-PDI does not seem to have the potential to promote any esthetic or mechanical changes to the surface of tooth enamel and can be applied safely in clinical practice. However, the results on color, roughness, and hardness obtained for composite resins show that some negative effects can be produced, depending on the type of restorative material; more experiments must be performed with different formulations and, perhaps, with lower concentrations of CUR.

scholarly journals Using Astragalus to Model Body Mass, Habitat Preference, and Population Density of Prehistoric Bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois, 1891) in Eastern Java island in The Early Pleistocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
The Relationship

Astragalus bone is one of the most important fossil records as it can reconstruct the prehistoric life. Respectively, this study aims to model the body mass, habitat preference, and population density of prehistoric bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois 1891) in eastern Java island in the early Pleistocene. The astragali from 9 specimens were used to estimate the body mass and population density. Likewise regression models are used to analyze the relationship between astragalus lateral length, width, and body mass compared to the astragalus of extant Bovid species. The result revealed the body mass average was 60.3 kg (95%CI: 58.9-61.7) and this indicates the D. santeng belongs to large herbivores. While the population density was estimated at about 5.39 individuals per km2 (95% CI: 3.18-7.6).

Developmental Enamel Defects in Primary Teeth in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation, or Hearing Defects: A Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bhat ◽  
K.B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Neurologic Development

Developmental enamel defects in primary teeth have been found at least twice as frequently in children with cerebral palsy or mental retardation as in control children, and frequently also in children with sensori-neural hearing deficits. The developing tooth germ is sensitive to a range of systemic disturbances, some of which may also affect neurologic development. Because the enamel cannot recover once it is damaged, it may provide a repository of information on the timing and nature of insults potentially affecting other ectodermally derived structures, including the brain. This paper reviews the literature on developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth, asking whether these might be useful as biological markers of the timing and in some cases the nature of insults. Among systemic factors related to development of enamel that might also have implications for neurologic development are certain genetic disorders including tuberous sclerosis, premature birth, neonatal nutritional disturbances (especially hypocalcemia), viral infections (such as rubella and cytomegalovirus during gestation), thyroid disorders, and maternal diabetes. It is concluded that further research is warranted concerning whether developmental defects of dental enamel can be useful markers for the timing of intra-uterine or perinatal events associated with certain neurologic and sensory disorders of children.

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